Anti-inflammatory activity of Albizia lebbeck Benth., an ethnomedicinal plant, in acute and chronic animal models of inflammation

Phytochemical Analysis and Immuno-Modulatory Effect of Moringa Oleifera Flowers

“…Inflammation is a consecutive and intricate pathophysiological process alerting organisms in the host via protective and defensive responses. By recruiting inflammatory cells to the site of damage, a series of cellular signalling mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines, interleukins IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)-γ and the granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSF) are secreted [8] with the goal of promoting tissue breakdown and strengthening host defence in response to invading infection of various microbial pathogens and noxious chemical or physical insults. Among these, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), a transcription factor, plays a vital role in the inflammatory response by regulating the expression of various genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, growth factors, and inducible enzymes [9], of which both inducible cyclo oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), constitutively trigger the production of large quantities of proinflammatory mediators [10].…”

Antiasthmatic Potential of Shirisha (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth)

“…22 Antiinflammatory activity: The petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of A. lebbeck at 400 mg/kg showed maximum inhibition of inflammation induced by carrageenan (petroleum ether-48.6%; ethanol-59.57%), dextran (petroleum ether-45.99%; ethanol-52.93%), cotton pellet (petroleum ether-34.46%; ethanol-53.57%), and Freund's adjuvant (petroleum ether-64.97%; ethanol-68.57%). 23 Antihistaminic activity: Histological analysis of the lungs of guinea pigs treated with Shirisha has shown reduction in tissue edema, epithelial cell hypertrophy, infiltration of inflammatory cell, and airway lumen plugging, thereby decreasing inflammation and bronchoconstriction, which leads to normal lumen size. 24 Pulmonary eosinophilia: Preliminary screening in 35 cases of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia treated with extracts of Shirisha pushpa in a dose of 200 mg twice a day with water indicated 82% marked response, 12% good response, and 6% poor response.…”

β-Glucan in Allergies

“…Other pathological changes include alveolar hypertrophy, epithelia of bronchi and bronchiole infiltrated by inflammatory cells (Temelkovski et al, 1998;Gong et al, 2012). Some studies reports that the application of β-glucan had favorable effects in suppressing experimental ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice similar to antioxidants like vitamin A and C (Allen et al, 2009) and anti-inflammatory substances of plant origin (Babu et al, 2009). The healing effects of β-glucans on the inflammation accompanying asthma could be secondary to the decrease of proinflammatory cytokine (primarily TNF-α and IL-6) and increase of antiinflammatory and anti-oxidative substances protecting cells from oxidative stress (Senoglu et al, 2008).…”