Anti-inflammatory activity of betalain-rich dye of Beta vulgaris: effect on edema, leukocyte recruitment, superoxide anion and cytokine production

Abstract

We have recently developed betalain-rich beetroot (Beta vulgaris) dye (betalain) to be used in food products. Betalain (30-300 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment diminished carrageenan (100 µg/paw)-induced paw edema and neutrophil migration to the paw skin tissue. Betalain (100 mg/kg) treatment by subcutaneous or per oral routes also inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema. Importantly, the post-treatment with betalain (100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited carrageenan- and complete Freund's adjuvant (10 µl/paw)-induced paw edema. Betalain (100 mg/kg) also reduced carrageenan (500 µg/cavity)-induced recruitment of total leukocytes, including mononuclear cells and neutrophils, as well as increasing vascular permeability in the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, betalain significantly reduced carrageenan-induced superoxide anion, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels in the peritoneal fluid, as well as augmenting IL-10 levels. Therefore, this compound presents prominent anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis by reducing the production of superoxide anion and the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, in addition to increasing IL-10 levels. These results suggest that betalain shows therapeutic potential that could be utilized in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.

Health‐promoting bioactivities of betalains from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton and Rose) peels as affected by carbohydrate encapsulation

“…The in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity of beetroot products was mainly attributed to the inhibition of neutrophil oxidative metabolism and stimulation of neutrophil apoptosis . In another study, red beetroot betalains were found to exert strong anti‐inflammatory activity on carageenan‐induced paw edema through reduction of the generation of superoxide anion and cytokines TNF‐ α and interleukin (IL)‐1 β …”

Isolation of amaranthin synthetase from Chenopodium quinoa and construction of an amaranthin production system using suspension‐cultured tobacco BY‐2 cells

“…Basic medical research has revealed that betalain‐rich extracts possess anti‐inflammatory and anticancer properties (Kapadia et al ., ; Lechner et al ., ; Martinez et al ., ; Rodriguez et al ., ). Although more than 50 molecular species of betalains have been reported (Delgado‐Vargas et al ., ), very few exhibit biological activity.…”

“…Basic medical research has revealed that betalain-rich extracts possess anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties (Kapadia et al, 1996;Lechner et al, 2010;Martinez et al, 2015; Figure 1 Pigment analysis of quinoa and beet hypocotyls. (a) Scheme for the betacyanin biosynthetic pathway.…”

Proteomic Analysis of Hylocereus polyrhizus Reveals Metabolic Pathway Changes

“…It is interesting that betalains and anthocyanins are naturally mutually exclusive in an individual plant. Betalain pigments have potential benefits in promoting health and preventing diseases of human being by serving as potent antioxidant and possessing anti-inflammatory and chemo-preventive activities in vitro and in vivo [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Betalains also contribute to the early-phase insulin response [7] and play a role in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) [8,9,10].…”