Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Extract of Undaria pinnatifida Root in RAW 264.7 Cells

Abstract

The anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Undaria pinnatifida root (UPREE) were investigated using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β, and cell proliferation. We found that NO levels were reduced by 34% at 100 μg/mL. Moreover, the production of IL-6 and TNF-α was suppressed by the UPREE treatment. In particular, the IL-6 production was inhibited by more than 30% at 100 μg/mL UPREE. The proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells was measured by MTT assay, and we found no cytotoxicity in those cells treated with UPREE compared to the control. Our results suggest that UPREE shows promise as a therapeutic anti-inflammatory treatment.

Characterization of Undaria pinnatifida Root Enzymatic Extracts Using Crude Enzyme from Shewanella oneidensis PKA 1008 and Its Anti-Inflammatory Effect

“…2C ). These results are similar to those of the previous study [ 11 ] considering that the ethanol extract of U. pinnatifida roots reduces the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β secretion and has an inflammation-suppressing effect. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated that the treatment of U. pinnatifida roots with crude enzyme from S. oneidensis PKA 1008 can further improve the secretion inhibitory effect of inflammatory cytokines.…”

“…Kang et al . [ 11 ] reported that the U. pinnatifida root ethanol extract treated group inhibited NO secretion by up to 34% compared to the LPS-treated control. On comparison, our results revealed that the UPT enzymatic extract was more effective in inhibiting NO secretion.…”

“…In particular, the inhibition was significantly suppressed after 12 h and the amount of NO secretion was 4.72 ± 0.23 at 48 h, which was about 69% lower than that of the LPS treatment group. Kang et al [11] reported that the U. pinnatifida root ethanol extract treated group inhibited NO secretion by up to 34% compared to the LPS-treated control. On comparison, our results revealed that the UPT enzymatic extract was more effective in inhibiting NO secretion.…”

“…The alginate content in U. pinnatifida was reported to be the highest (35%) in U. pinnatifida root and sporophyll [ 10 ]; however, U. pinnatifida roots cannot be used as processed and remnant by-products, and most of them are disposed, thus leading to environmental pollution. Although these roots are known to have anti-inflammatory effects [ 11 ], no studies have reported high value-added and anti-inflammatory properties via degradation by microbial-based enzyme treatment. Therefore, in this study, U. pinnatifida roots was decomposed into low molecular weight oligosaccharides by the crude enzyme from S. oneidensis PKA 1008 in order to utilize U. pinnatifida roots by-products.…”