Anti-inflammatory activity of natural coumarin compounds from plants of the Indo-Gangetic plain

Abstract

<abstract> <p>Natural compounds are a repertoire of organoleptic molecules. This indicates that although they are not a significant source of nutrients, still they exhibit a wide range of medicinal properties through their plethora of anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory activities. Coumarins, found in a variety of plants from different biodiversity regions, also have been reported to be present in many plants of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Here, we would attempt to enumerate the natural coumarin compounds, their pharmaco-therapeutic potential and their occurrence as well as abundance in the flora of the aforesaid biodiversity region. Coumarins, derived their name from the French word “coumarou” for Tonka bean. First isolated in 1820, coumarin still finds its relevance in the study of implementation of natural compounds in treating neuro-degenerative and cancer-like fatal diseases. Naturally occurring benzopyrones, chemically classified as lactones and coumarin compounds need to be reviewed to develop new era drugs from natural resources. This promises an effective treatment regimen with minimal side effects and also paves the path for a sustainable future with efforts to manage our health problems from the plant products in our immediate environment.</p> </abstract>

Mini-Review on Coumarins: Sources, Biosynthesis, Bioactivity, Extraction and Toxicology

“…Several coumarin compounds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, which can be attributed to their ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines (54). Coumarin derivatives, such as scopoletin and herniarin, have shown potential in attenuating inflammatory responses, making them of interest in conditions characterized by excessive inflammation (10,55).…”

“…Coumarins have found utility in the treatment of various medical conditions, with some derivatives serving as anticoagulants to prevent blood clot formation (9). Additionally, their antioxidant properties make them attractive candidates for the development of novel therapies aimed at mitigating oxidative stress-related diseases (10).…”

ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITIES OF KEMUNING LEAF EXTRACTS (Murraya paniculata) AND MORINGA LEAF (Moringa oleifera) IN DIABETIC RATS

“…The mechanism of action of coumarin in lowering blood glucose levels involves inhibition of the enzyme α-glucosidase and aldose reductase, which is the synthesis of the end product of advanced glycation, causing complications in diabetes mellitus (Ranđelović & Bipat, 2021). Coumarins stimulate the release of GLP-1, which suppresses glucagon release and lowers hepatic glucose production, slowing down gastric emptying time and acid secretion, thereby reducing appetite and contributing to weight loss (Ghosh et al, 2023). The greatest decrease in antioxidants occurred in the negative control group, where the average value of SOD and GPx levels in the negative control group was the lowest.…”

Novel Coumarin Derivatives as Potential Urease Inhibitors for Kidney Stone Prevention and Antiulcer Therapy: From Synthesis to In Vivo Evaluation

“…Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of coumarins are known for minimizing the risk of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases [8][9][10][11]. Furthermore, the derivatives of coumarin are used for the treatment of renal stones and burns.…”