Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant in Vitro Activities of Magnoliae Flos Ethanol Extract

Abstract

This study evaluated Magnoliea Flos ethanol extract (MFE) as a potential natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and in vitro antioxidant assays. MFE (10, 30, and 50 μg/mL) dose-dependently inhibited LSP-induced nitric oxide production, which is mediated by down-regulating gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. MFE also down-regulated both gene and protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B and its downstream genes, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), compared with vehicle-treated cells. As a result, MFE treatment of LPS-stimulated macrophages significantly suppressed release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6. The antioxidant in vitro test revealed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities of MFE (0.25∼5 mg/mL) of 16.62% to 75.17% and 38.54% to 92.91%, respectively. The ferric reducing antioxidant ability of MFE was 0.54 mM to 2.14 mM. Overall, MFE exhibited antioxidant activity and an effective anti-inflammatory response in LPSstimulated macrophages, which is potentially valuable for application as a natural functional material.

Phytochemical Screening, Phenolic Content, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Seed Extract

“…Our present study indicates that F. vulgare involves significant flavonoid content, which may be responsible for the activity of the extract, as it is repeatedly proven by several studies that a multitude of flavonoids have anti-inflammatory properties. In fact, the anti-inflammatory effects of morin, rutin, and quercetin (flavonols) were explored in animal models, and several mechanisms elucidating the anti-inflammatory action of flavonoids have been illustrated, including radical scavenging and anti-oxidative activities, control of cellular activities of inflammation-associated cells, regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism enzymes [cyclooxygenase (COX), phospholipase A2, and lipoxygenase] and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and regulation of gene expression of pro-inflammatory molecules ( García-Lafuente et al, 2009 ; Ham et al, 2021 ).…”

Magnoliae flos Downregulated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses via NF-κB/ERK-JNK MAPK/STAT3 Pathways

“…Several previous reports showed anti-inflammatory activity of Magnoliae flos extracts in macrophage models. Different liquids for extract such as ethanol [30] or methanol [31] are available for keeping the anti-inflammation activity of Magnoliae flos.…”

“…Several previous reports showed anti-inflammatory activity of Magnoliae flos extracts in macrophage models. Different liquids for extract such as ethanol [ 30 ] or methanol [ 31 ] are available for keeping the anti-inflammation activity of Magnoliae flos. Also, other previous studies have presented the various suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways accompanied by antioxidant downregulating NF- κ B [ 30 ], ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis regulating osteoclastogenesis [ 32 ], and cancer-mediated bone destruction blocking the vicious cycle [ 33 ].…”

“…Different liquids for extract such as ethanol [ 30 ] or methanol [ 31 ] are available for keeping the anti-inflammation activity of Magnoliae flos. Also, other previous studies have presented the various suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways accompanied by antioxidant downregulating NF- κ B [ 30 ], ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis regulating osteoclastogenesis [ 32 ], and cancer-mediated bone destruction blocking the vicious cycle [ 33 ]. In addition, many active compounds of Magnoliae flos showed the anti-inflammatory effects such as fargesin [ 34 ], tetrahydrofurofuran-type lignans [ 33 ], or essential oil [ 35 ].…”

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ligularia fischeri Turcz: A Comparison between Leaf and Root Extracts

“…Furthermore, ROS and RNS also enhance the pro-inflammatory response by upregulating inflammation-related signaling pathways [ 5 ]. Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, aging, and cancer [ 6 , 7 ]. Fortunately, antioxidants, such as polyphenols and flavonoids act as reducing agents, metal chelators, and enzyme inhibitors and are capable of eliminating free radicals and inhibiting the formation of oxidants [ 8 , 9 ].…”