Anti-inflammatory and modulatory effects of steroidal saponins and sapogenins on cytokines: A review of pre-clinical research

Passos, Fabíolla Rocha Santos; Araújo-Filho, Heitor G.; Monteiro, Brenda Souza; Saravanan, S.; Araújo, Adriano Antunes de Souza; Almeida, Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva; Thangaraj, Parimelazhagan; Júnior, Lucindo José Quintans; Quintans, Jullyana de Souza Siqueira

doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153842

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…As illustrated in the phytochemical screening and quantification result, V. sinaiticum extract is rich in numerous phytochemicals which are known to elicit several pharmacological activities including analgesia and anti-inflammatory effect. According to studies conducted on the biological activities of the various phytochemicals, the flavolignans 41 and flavones, 42 , 43 glycosides, 44 saponins 45 and tannins 46 have been shown to induce analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects due to their ability to inhibit key enzymes involved in the inflammation process such as COX-1 (cyclooxygenase 1), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase 2), sPLA2 (secretory phospholipase A2) and 15-LOX-2 (15-lipoxygenase).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Verbascum sinaiticum Benth

Asefa

Teshome

Degu

2022

JIR

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Introduction Pain in its various forms is undoubtedly the most common ailment known to human beings. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid analgesics are widely used to treat pain. However, long-term use of NSAIDs and opioids causes serious adverse effects on various organs. As a result, looking for drugs with better efficacy and lesser adverse effects appears crucial. For this purpose the obvious search begins from traditional medicines, particularly herbs. Therefore, this study investigated analgesic and anti- inflammatory activity of 80% methanol root extract of Verbasicum sinaiticum Benth (VS) in vivo. Methods The dried and crushed plant material was macerated with 80% methanol sequentially and dried with lyophilizer. As per the acute toxicity study conducted elsewhere, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of extract were used in the acetic acid induced writhing, hot plate test, as well as carrageenan and formalin induced anti-inflammatory models. As a positive control, aspirin 150 mg/kg was used for anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory model and morphine 10 mg/kg was used for central analgesic models. Results VS200 and VS400 doses of the extract significantly (p< 0.05) reduced acetic acid induced writhing as compared with the control group. Similarly in hot plate test also, both VS200 and VS400 groups demonstrated significant (p< 0.05 at 30 min and p< 0.001 at 60 and 120 min) analgesic effect in comparison with the control and VS100 groups. Furthermore, in carrageenan and formalin induced anti-inflammatory test both VS200 and VS400 were shown to produce significant (p< 0.05) anti-inflammatory effect at the later hours and days. Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that 80% methanol root extract of V. sinaiticum possesses peripheral and central analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory activity, possibly emanating from the phytochemicals present in the hydroalcoholic crude extract.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Verbascum sinaiticum Benth

Asefa

Teshome

Degu

2022

JIR

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“…Studies have shown that Daphnetin alleviates the symptoms of experimental colitis by alleviating colitis, improving colon injury, and reestablishing immune balance, and the intrinsic mechanism is that Daphnetin lessens the generation of Th17 cells while inhibiting the differentiation of Treg cells and restoring Th17/Treg balance [ 63 ]. Timosaponin AIII is one of the important active components extracted from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., a TCM with a long history of medication, and most of its pharmacological effects are significant, while anticancer effects are potential [ 64 , 65 ]. In a preliminary study by Lim et al Timosaponin AIII could reduce NF- κ B activation as well as the levels of IL-1 β , tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- α ), and IL-6 and increase IL-10 levels, and in addition, it was found that cellular differentiation of Th17 in the colonic lamina propria was inhibited, while Treg cells were induced, indicating that Timosaponin AIII inhibited colonic shortening and myeloperoxidase activity in mice by inhibiting activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF- κ B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and restoring Th17/Treg balance for therapeutic purposes [ 66 ].…”

Section: Chinese Medicine Treatment Strategy Of Balancing Regulation ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulates Th17/Treg Balance in Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Xie

Xiong

Yilin

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), also known as chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum, is primarily characterized by mucopurulent bloody stools, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. Its cause is uncertain. IBD patients frequently experience a high rate of recurrence, a protracted treatment course, and a high risk of carcinogenesis. Additionally, the difficulty of treatment is significantly increased by these illness characteristics. Currently, the normal treatment for this illness can lessen symptoms to some amount and even meet clinical treatment requirements, but due to serious side effects, unfavorable reactions, and high costs, we need to develop better complementary and alternative medicines. A number of studies have found that the imbalance of T helper cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) contributes significantly to the occurrence and progression of IBD and that Th17/Treg balance restoration is frequently useful in the management of IBD. As a result, regulating the Th17/Treg balance has also emerged as a novel approach to treating IBD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained popularity in recent years due to its advantages of low side effects, a variety of targets, and multiple regulatory mechanisms. A number of studies have shown that TCM can successfully intervene in the Th17/Treg imbalance and restore it, and research on the prevention and treatment of IBD by TCM by restoring Th17/Treg has also shown promising results. The characteristics of the Th17/Treg balance and its role in the pathogenesis of IBD, as well as the role of TCM in regulating the Th17/Treg imbalance, are analyzed. The research results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment and pathology mechanism research of IBD.

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“…The aglycone of saponins can be triterpenoid or steroidal in nature. Steroidal saponins and saponins have been found to have diverse activities of inflammatory cytokines on a variety of inflammatory models ( Passos et al, 2022 ). Studies support the anti-inflammatory activity as an underlying mechanism of the saponin in cerebral ischemia treatment ( Sun et al, 2020 ; Yang F. et al, 2020 ; Xue et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: The Anti-inflammatory Effects Of Natural Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Natural Products on Cerebral Ischemia

et al. 2022

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Cerebral ischemia with high mortality and morbidity still requires the effectiveness of medical treatments. A growing number of investigations have shown strong links between inflammation and cerebral ischemia. Natural medicine’s treatment methods of cerebral ischemic illness have amassed a wealth of treatment experience and theoretical knowledge. This review summarized recent progress on the disease inflammatory pathways as well as 26 representative natural products that have been routinely utilized to treat cerebral ischemic injury. These natural products have exerted anti-inflammatory effects in cerebral ischemia based on their inflammatory mechanisms, including their inflammatory gene expression patterns and their related different cell types, and the roles of inflammatory mediators in ischemic injury. Overall, the combination of the potential therapeutic interventions of natural products with the inflammatory mechanisms will make them be applicable for cerebral ischemic patients in the future.

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Anti-inflammatory and modulatory effects of steroidal saponins and sapogenins on cytokines: A review of pre-clinical research

Cited by 54 publications

References 157 publications

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Verbascum sinaiticum Benth

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Verbascum sinaiticum Benth

Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulates Th17/Treg Balance in Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Natural Products on Cerebral Ischemia

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