Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and T cell cytokine profile in periodontitis granulation tissue

Abstract

SUMMARYTh2 cells are more abundant than Th1 cells in periodontitis lesions, but the relative importance of the Th1 and Th2 subsets in periodontal disease is not understood. In addition, the role of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in this disease process is unclear. Biopsies were obtained from 10 patients with early onset periodontitis (EOP) and 10 patients with adult periodontitis (AP). From all of the patients in the AP group we were able to obtain and section the gingival tissue to serve as controls. We used polyclonal monospecific antibodies to detect cells expressing IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-15, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-a ) and interferon-gamma (IFN-g) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of granulation tissue from periodontitis lesions. We also employed a series of oligonucleotide probes to detect cells expressing the cytokine transcripts in the same tissue biopsies. Cells that expressed IL-4 or IL-6 were more numerous than cells expressing either IL-2 or IFN-g. Th2 cells were more numerous in EOP and AP tissues. IL-15 substitutes for IL-2 in a number of biological activities related to the Th1 immune response, and interestingly, in periodontal lesions the IL-15-expressing cells outnumbered IL-2-expressing cells, suggesting that this is the pattern of immune regulation by T cells in the periodontium. The functional balance in the T cell subsets detected by their cytokine profiles underlies the importance of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms taking place in the diseased tissue. The numbers of inflammatory leucocytes that express the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 are much more widely distributed than those that express the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a . This study suggests that large numbers of infiltrating inflammatory cells as well as accessory cells are involved in the down-regulation of the inflammatory and immune response in periodontitis.

IL-6 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms in patients with aggressive periodontitis: effects on GCF, serum and clinic parameters

“…28,30 GCF and serum IL-10 levels increased after periodontal therapy, but no significant difference was detected. Lappin et al 31 suggested that the numbers of inflammatory leucocytes that express the IL-10 were increased in aggressive periodontitis compared to chronic periodontitis, and thenumbers of inflammatory leucocytes that express Table 4. Distribution of the IL-6 (-174) and IL-10 (-597) genotypes and allele frequencies for study groups.…”

Role of the Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase-Akt Pathway in the Regulation of IL-10 and IL-12 byPorphyromonas gingivalisLipopolysaccharide

“…Previous studies assessing the type of inflammatory response observed in periodontitis reported a high degree of Th2-associated cytokines (55)(56)(57)(58). Interestingly, past studies have indicated that several TLR2 agonists are unable to induce detectable levels of IL-12 p70 and favor Th2 development (10,11,80).…”

“…Moreover, the production of bioactive IL-12 induced by P. gingivalis LPS has been shown to be negligible when compared with that of Escherichia coli LPS (10,55). In this regard, several studies characterizing the inflammatory response of periodontitis have reported a high degree of Th2-compared with Th1-associated cytokines (55)(56)(57)(58). Although activation of TLR2 by P. gingivalis LPS has been shown to result in the production of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, the associated signaling events that regulate these processes are incompletely understood.…”

Th1 biased response to a novel Porphyromonas gingivalis protein aggravates bone resorption caused by this oral pathogen

“…In addition, adoptive transfer experiments have indicated an active role for Th1 cytokines in periodontal disease exacerbation, and some studies have shown that Th2 cytokines may be protective [9,16]. However, other studies suggest that this association is not consistently observed [17,18,19]. The induction of polarized T cell responses, and their association with infection-induced pathology or disease-protective mechanisms has led to the development of novel vaccines and immunotherapeutics [20,21].…”