Anti-Inflammatory Effect of an O-2-Substituted (1-3)-β-D-Glucan Produced by Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 in a Caco-2 PMA-THP-1 Co-Culture Model

Abstract

Bacterial β-glucans are exopolysaccharides (EPSs), which can protect bacteria or cooperate in biofilm formation or in bacterial cell adhesion. Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 is a lactic acid bacterium that produces an O-2-substituted (1-3)-β-D-glucan. The structural similarity of this EPS to active compounds such as laminarin, together with its ability to modulate the immune system and to adhere in vitro to human enterocytes, led us to investigate, in comparison with laminarin, its potential as an immunomodulator of in vitro co-cultured Caco-2 and PMA-THP-1 cells. O-2-substituted (1-3)-β-D-glucan synthesized by the GTF glycosyl transferase of Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 or that by Lactococcus lactis NZ9000[pGTF] were purified and used in this study. The XTT tests revealed that all β-glucans were non-toxic for both cell lines and activated PMA-THP-1 cells’ metabolisms. The O-2-substituted (1-3)-β-D-glucan modulated production and expression of IL-8 and the IL-10 in Caco-2 and PMA-THP-1 cells. Laminarin also modulated cytokine production by diminishing TNF-α in Caco-2 cells and IL-8 in PMA-THP-1. All these features could be considered with the aim to produce function foods, supplemented with laminarin or with another novel β-glucan-producing strain, in order to ameliorate an individual’s immune system response toward pathogens or to control mild side effects in remission patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases.

Prebiotics and Probiotics: Healthy Biotools for Molecular Integrative and Modulation Approaches

“…Huanghuang Dai et al [3], found a positive correlation between the addition of glucosylceramide and the induction of changes in the metabolism of Blautia coccoides, which leads to an increase in the number of Gram-positive bacteria in an intestine-simulating environment by endowing tolerance to deoxycholic acid. At the same time, the findings reported by Notararigo et al [4], clearly confirmed the immunomodulation of O-2-substituted-(1-3)-β-D-glucans in an in vitro model of intestinal gut mucosa after the stimulation of PMA-THP-1 cells with E. coli LPS, which triggered cellular response mechanisms. Hence, O-2-substituted-(1-3)-β-D-glucans is able to ameliorate immune system response in healthy individuals, as well as in individuals with some chronic inflammatory states.…”

Development of an Inflammation-Triggered In Vitro “Leaky Gut” Model Using Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 Combined with Macrophage-like THP-1 Cells or Primary Human-Derived Macrophages

“…IFN-γ priming of Caco-2 cells together with the stimulation of differentiated THP-1 cells by LPS and IFN-γ, induced an inflammation-like response in their diseased intestine model, evident by intestinal barrier disruption and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Based on this model of Kämpfer, co-culture models with differentiated Caco-2 cells and PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells in the presence of inflammatory stimulators (e.g., LPS with/without IFN-γ) have been used to evaluate the potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemicals [ 43 , 72 , 73 ], marine natural products [ 74 , 75 , 76 ], bacterial β-glucans [ 77 ], siRNA-based nanomedicine [ 42 ], bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles [ 78 ], and probiotic bacteria [ 41 ].…”

Exploitation of In Vivo-Emulated In Vitro System in Advanced Food Science

“…regulated intestinal operational physiological function by enhancing tight junctions and inhibiting inflammation of the intestines . Other immune cells such as DC cells, autologous T-cells, the human monocytes THP-1 cell line, the human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cell line, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs), B-cells and so on have also been used to elucidate the anti-inflammatory abilities of Sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols (derived from brown alga Turbinaria ornate ), resistant starches, Cudrania atrigelate fruits vinegar, phycocyanin and Ganoderma atrum polysaccharides. ,− …”