Anti‐inflammatory effect of diosmectite in hapten‐induced colitis in the rat

González, Raquel Luengo; Medina, Fermín Sánchez de; Martínez‐Augustin, Olga; Nieto, Ana; Gálvez, Júlio; Risco, S.; Zarzuelo, Antonio

doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705710

Cited by 83 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In contrast, diosmectite, which does not affect AP, has little impact on colonic glutathione levels. 52 Hence, we hypothesized that oxidative stress might be the causative factor of the AP increase. Our data clearly support this hypothesis since AP is increased in several cell lines of intestinal epithelial phenotype with different oxidative stimuli, including monochloramine, which is produced in high amounts in inflammatory foci as a byproduct of the reaction of myeloperoxidase derived hypochlorous acid with amines, 45 and tButOOH, which was used here to evoke lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase is activated in enterocytes by oxidative stress via changes in glycosylation

López-Posadas

González

Ballester

et al. 2011

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase is activated in enterocytes by oxidative stress via changes in glycosylation

López-Posadas

González

Ballester

et al. 2011

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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“…18-20, 61 They have also been shown to adhere to and reinforce the intestinal mucin layer, 64,65 another possible mechanism for protection. An in vivo study of the pathogen and toxin binding capacity of geophagic and amylophagic substances would be highly useful in understanding this relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Pica with Anemia and Gastrointestinal Distress among Pregnant Women in Zanzibar, Tanzania

Young

Khalfan

Farag

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

103

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* Indicates significance of difference by t -tests between no pica and any pica groups. † Values are mean (SD). 147PICA, ANEMIA, AND GI DISTRESS IN ZANZIBAR, TANZANIA The prevalence of IDA followed a similar pattern, with the prevalence of IDA significantly higher among amylophagists than among those who reported no pica at any point in pregnancy (52.6% versus 36.1%; P < 0.001) and highest among women who ate both pica substances (57.0% versus 36.1%; P < 0.001) ( Figure 2 ). The effect of uncooked rice and earth on iron status was independent; there was no evidence of interaction between the two types of pica behavior on Hb or ZPP.A significantly higher proportion of women who had eaten earth in the current pregnancy had experienced abdominal pain and constipation than non-geophagic women ( Table 4 ). A significantly higher proportion of pregnant women who had consumed uncooked rice at some point in the current pregnancy had experienced nausea and abdominal pain than those who had not. More women who had engaged in any form of pica had experienced nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation in this pregnancy than those who had not. There were no significant differences in loss of appetite, diarrhea, or vomiting between the pica versus non-pica group.Statistical models of pica. We built a multivariate logistic regression model of any pica to examine the relative strength of the association of the correlates of pica when considered jointly ( Table 5 ). Hookworm was not included for three reasons: it greatly limited the sample size, the effects of hookworm on iron status are largely captured by the inclusion of Hb, and we have already established that geophagy is not a vector for hookworm transmission in this population. 15Women with lower Hb concentrations, women who were later in gestation, and women who had experienced abdominal pain or nausea were more likely to engage in pica. Older women and women whose husbands had received formal education were less likely to engage in pica. The variable with the strongest association with any pica was nausea (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.20-1.73), followed by Hb. For every g/dL decrease in Hb concentration, the likelihood of engaging in pica increased by 31.5% (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.73-0.81).We then examined how the predictors of any pica determined geophagy and amylophagy separately ( Table 5 ). The ORs in logistic models of geophagy and amylophagy separately were consistently in the same direction and of similar magnitude as they were for any pica. DISCUSSIONOf the 2,367 pregnant women, 897 (37.9%) had engaged in geophagy by the time of their enrollment into the larger study of the prevention of severe anemia in pregnancy. Of these, 36.3% were amylophagists, 5.2% were geophagists, and 3.6% had eaten raw rice and earth.The prevalence of geophagy among pregnant women in Africa has been reported to range from 28% to 100% [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] ; the prevalence on Pemba Island was markedly lower (5.2%). However, the amounts of earth consumed in Pemba (26.5 grams/day)...

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“…Diosmectite has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in an experimental rat model of hapten-induced colitis. [27] Furthermore, the level of anti-inflammatory action was comparable to that of established treatments such as sulfasalazine. Possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms include adsorption of luminal antigens produced during the inflammation process, an increase in colonic mucin levels, and modulation of cytokine production by mucosal cells; several effects on proinflammatory cytokines have been demonstrated that contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of diosmectite (see section 4.4).…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Activitymentioning

confidence: 84%

Anti-Diarrheal Effects of Diosmectite in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children

Dupont

Vernisse

2009

Pediatric Drugs

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Acute diarrhea caused by an infectious organism is highly prevalent, particularly in developing countries, and is usually self-limiting. The condition is a major contributor to the global disease burden and is associated with a significant economic cost. The disease is common in children aged <5 years. It occurs as the result of exposure to a diarrheogenic agent that alters intestinal absorption and/or secretion, resulting in an increase in the volume of water that enters the colon beyond that which can be absorbed. Diarrhea almost always occurs by one or more of four mechanisms: disruption of osmotic forces in the intestine; disruption of normal secretory processes; disruption of epithelial cells or the epithelial tight junctions; or motility disorders. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is central to the management of acute diarrhea, and is sufficient to prevent complications due to dehydration in most patients while the disease runs its course. However, ORT has no effect on the duration of the disease or frequency of bowel motions, and any agent that could meet these needs would therefore be a useful addition to ORT. Diosmectite is a natural aluminomagnesium silicate clay with a lamellar, non-fibrous crystalline structure that gives it strong adsorbent properties. Its mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood, but are probably multiple. Diosmectite reduces inflammation, modifies mucus rheologic properties, inhibits mucolysis, and adsorbs bacteria, bacterial enterotoxins, viruses and other potentially diarrheogenic substances. A number of studies have shown that diosmectite reduces the duration of diarrhea and decreases the frequency of bowel motions after 2 days of treatment in children with mild-to-moderate acute diarrhea. Two recent trials have indicated a reduction in stool output with diosmectite. Because of its very favorable safety profile, with no serious adverse effects, diosmectite is frequently used, mainly in European countries but also in Asia and Africa. Diosmectite should be used as an adjunct, not an alternative, to ORT and, when needed, to antibacterial therapy.

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Anti‐inflammatory effect of diosmectite in hapten‐induced colitis in the rat

Cited by 83 publications

References 38 publications

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase is activated in enterocytes by oxidative stress via changes in glycosylation

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase is activated in enterocytes by oxidative stress via changes in glycosylation

Association of Pica with Anemia and Gastrointestinal Distress among Pregnant Women in Zanzibar, Tanzania

Anti-Diarrheal Effects of Diosmectite in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children

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