Anti-inflammatory effect of Gyeji-tang in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mouse model induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

Context Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease associated with respiratory symptoms and narrowing of airways. Gyeji-tang (GJT) is a traditional Asian medicine that has been used to relieve early-stage cold symptoms, headache, and chills. Objective We examined the effect and potential molecular action mechanism of GJT in a mouse model of COPD induced by cigarette smoke (CS) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods COPD was induced in C57BL/6J mice via daily exposure to CS for 1 h for 8 weeks and intranasal administration of LPS on weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7. GJT (100 or 200 mg/kg) or roflumilast (5 mg/kg) was administrated daily for the final 4 weeks of COPD induction. Results Administration of GJT significantly suppressed the CS/LPS-induced increases in: the numbers of total cells and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8; the activities (phosphorylation) of nuclear factor kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; and the expression levels of the structural remodelling markers, transforming growth factor beta, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-7, and MMP-9. Discussion and conclusions These results demonstrate that GJT prevents the lung inflammation and airway remodelling induced by CS plus LPS exposure in mice, suggesting that GJT may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of COPD.

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“…However, the COPD caused by exposure to biomass fuel smoke and cigarette smoking are significantly different from one another in terms of phenotype, comorbidity, and disease progression . The chief pathophysiology of COPD is progressive inflammation, which is attributable to a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function associated with chronic bronchitis and airway obstruction as well as emphysema. , …”

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“…Recent studies have demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are pivotal proteolytic enzymes, are involved in pathological and inflammatory processes in several respiratory diseases, such as interstitial pneumonia [237] , pulmonary fibrosis [238] , and COPD [239] . In particular, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, and TIMP-1 have been demonstrated in experimental and clinical research to influence inflammation [240] , [241] , [242] .…”