Anti-inflammatory effect of Varthemia iphionoides extracts against prostate cancer in vitro

Abstract

Varthemia iphionoides is a Jordanian medicinal plant with several health-promoting properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, its anti-inflammatory properties have been poorly investigated up to date. The current study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of V. iphionoides by measuring the production of interleukin-6 in response to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (bacterial lipopolysaccharide) in in vitro cell models of human MRC-5 and PC3 cells. We observed a significant reduction in lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 release in response to V. iphionoides (125 µg/mL) in both non-cancerous fibroblast MRC-5 and prostate cancerous PC3 cells. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of this medicinal plant was stronger when MRC-5 cells were treated with an aqueous extract, while the methanolic extract was more potent in PC3 cells. The effect of V. iphionoides in reducing interleukin-6 production was not due to its cytotoxicity, and future studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of action by which this medicinal plant modulates inflammatory responses. In conclusion, the results of our study represent the first report of the potential protective effect of water and methanolic extracts of V. iphionoides against pro-inflammatory stimuli in fibroblasts and cancer cells of human origin, and it is critically important to identify the phytochemical compounds responsible for this effect.

Efficacy of Purified Terpenoids of Brachythecium buchananii (Hook.) A. Jaeger Against Carrageenan Induced Inflammation In Wistar Albino Rats

“…The present finding corroborates earlier studies in the carrageenan-induced inflammation models that high anti-inflammatory activity observed at the 3rd hour may be due to the marginal inhibition of mediators of the first phase of inflammation and subsequently, the prostaglandins and bradykinins which are released during the second phase of inflammation at a remarkable rate [23]. Based on this, it could be argued that the suppression of the first phase as exhibited by the administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg of purified terpenoid extract of B. buchananii may be due to inhibition of the release of early mediators such as histamine and serotonin, and the action in the second phase may be explained by an inhibition of cyclooxygenase system.…”

Chiliadenus iphionoides Reduces Body Weight and Improves Parameters Related to Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in a High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mice Model of NAFLD

“…Mice in the high- C. iphionoides group appeared to further benefit from an ameliorated inflammatory state, as they exhibited reduced expression levels of both of these genes. Previously, the anti-inflammatory activity of Varthemia iphionoides methanolic extracts was demonstrated in cancer cells [ 9 ]. In another study, the radical-scavenging activity of ethanol and water extracts of aerial parts of V. iphionoides was also elucidated [ 32 ].…”

“…The Chiliadenus genus, comprised of ten species, are predominantly distributed along the southern edge of the Mediterranean Sea [ 8 ]. One of these species, Chiliadenus iphionoides (Boiss.& Blanche) Brullo (Asteraceae), also known as Varthemia iphionoides , is traditionally used for pain relief, wound healing, treatment for eye complaints, and urine retention [ 9 ]. Depending on the indication, fresh leaves are applied externally, or taken internally as a water-based extract.…”

An Evaluation of the DNA-Protective Effects of Extracts fromMenyanthes trifoliataL. Plants Derived fromIn VitroCulture Associated with Redox Balance and Other Biological Activities

“…It involves interactions between signal molecules produced by leukocytes, macrophages, and mast cells, as well as by the activation of complements [21–23]. A range of studies describe the anti-inflammatory properties of plant extracts against a wide spectrum of normal and cancer cells [24–26].…”