Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Recreational Exercise in TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats: Role of NOS/HO/MPO System

Abstract

There are opposite views in the available literature: Whether physical exercise has a protective effect or not on the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we investigated the effects of recreational physical exercise before the induction of colitis. After 6 weeks of voluntary physical activity (running wheel), male Wistar rats were treated with TNBS (10 mg). 72 hrs after trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) challenge we measured colonic gene (TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1 and IL-10) and protein (TNF-α) expressions of various inflammatory mediators and enzyme activities of heme oxygenase (HO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzymes. Wheel running significantly increased the activities of HO, constitutive NOS (cNOS) isoform. Furthermore, 6 weeks of running significantly decreased TNBS-induced inflammatory markers, including extent of lesions, severity of mucosal damage, and gene expression of IL-1β, CXCL1, and MPO activity, while IL-10 gene expression and cNOS activity were increased. iNOS activity decreased and the activity of HO enzyme increased, but not significantly, compared to the sedentary TNBS-treated group. In conclusion, recreational physical exercise can play an anti-inflammatory role by downregulating the gene expression of proinflammatory mediators, inducing anti-inflammatory mediators, and modulating the activities of HO and NOS enzymes in a rat model of colitis.

The Differential Impact Of High-Intensity Swimming Exercise and Inflammatory Bowel Disease On IL-1b, TNF-a, and COX-2 Gene Expression in the Small Intestine and Colon in Mice

“…However, a previous study showed that TNBS-induced mice had decreased inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β and TNF-α) after 6 weeks of wheel running. 3 Although the results of this previous study suggest that physical activity has a positive effect on IBD, high-intensity exercise can induce a genetic environment similar to IBD, as suggested in the present study.…”

“…1,2 Exercise induces inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, stimulating T and B cell production through inflammation induction and immune control action. 3 Thus, high-intensity exercise can be a cause of diseases related to abnormalities in the immune system via the induction of inflammatory cytokines. 4 Furthermore, high-intensity exercise causes inflammation through ischemia to the organs.…”

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“…Hoffman-Goetz et al [28] carried out a controlled study in mice; 3 bouts of sustained and vigorous treadmill running increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decreased levels of TNF-α in intestinal lymphocytes relative to values for control animals. Szalai et al [62] also found evidence of benefit from recreational levels of exercise (wheel-running) in rats with TNBS-induced colitis in terms of decreased pro-inflammatory genes, the induction of antiinflammatory mediators, and modulation of the activity of HO and NOS enzymes. A controlled study of rats with an acetic acidinduced colitis confirmed that 6 weeks of moderate exercise on a running wheel (0.4 km/h, for 30 min, 3 days/wk) reduced markers of oxidative stress, and histological damage to the colon, in association with a reduction of stress as assessed by holeboard tests [32].…”

Impacto del Ejercicio en pacientes con Síndrome Post Trombótico: Una propuesta de intervención

“…En un estudio de Zsalai (2014) se analizaron los efectos del ejercicio en trastornos gastrointestinales, probando en ratas con colitis ulcerosa, y se pudo ver que el ejercicio juega un rol antiinflamatorio por la desregulación de genes proinflamatorios. 46 Se puede observar que los efectos favorecedores del ejercicio en el endotelio vascular como a nivel sistémico cumplen un rol relevante en la prevención y como estrategia de tratamiento de enfermedades que generan grados de inflamación. La TVP aguda y consecuentemente el síndrome postrombótico generan estados inflamatorios que pueden ser aliviados por la correcta prescripción y dosificación del entrenamiento físico.…”