Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chrysanthemum indicum Water Extract in RAW 264.7 Cell as a Whole Plant

Abstract

Purpose: Chrysanthemum indicum (CHI) has been used for edible and medical purposes for a long time in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of CHI water extract in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Methods: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, CHI extract as a whole plant was used in this study. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations of CHI extract (1, 10, and100 μg/mL). After that Nitric Oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression level were measured. Results: CHI extract significantly suppressed the LPS-induced NO production and decreased the level of iNOS, IL-1β, COX-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and also the down regulation of PGE2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The present study suggested that CHI extract can be substituted for anti-inflammatory drugs and provide a safe and effective non pharmacological therapeutic approach. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Key Words: Anti-inflammation; Chrysanthemum indicum; RAW 264.7 cell