Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and rosmarinic acid in a rat model of neuropathic pain

Rahbardar, Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh; Amin, Bahareh; Mehri, Soghra; Mirnajafi-Zadeh, Seyed Javad; Hosseinzadeh, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.049

Cited by 132 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This demonstrates that RA is able to minimize the release of inflammatory factors and the generation of reactive species responsible for the maintenance of the microglial activation state M1, considered more cytotoxic. Our results are in agreement with Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar et al [52] , who assessed the levels of spinal inflammatory markers, showing that RA was able to decrease COX-2, IL-1β, and PGE-2, and suggested that the compound is a potential candidate in the treatment of neuropathic pain.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates the Activation of Murine Microglial N9 Cells through the Downregulation of Inflammatory Cytokines and Cleaved Caspase-3

Coelho

Viau²,

Staub³

et al. 2017

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: The present study evaluated the ability of rosmarinic acid (RA) to inhibit microglia activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the N9 murine microglial cell line, and investigated the putative mechanisms involved in this process. Methods: In all tests, N9 murine microglial cells were pretreated with RA (0.1, 1.0, and 10 μM) for 20 h and exposed to LPS (1 μM/mL) for 4 h. Cell viability was measured by Trypan blue exclusion assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS), quantify cleaved caspase-3, and analyze the mitochondrial electrochemical potential. iNOS, Arg-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 proteins were analyzed by Western blotting, and their antigens were detected using the chemiluminescence technique. The effect of RA on DNA was evaluated by the Comet assay. Results: RA attenuated the expression of the M1 marker iNOS and the levels of proinflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6; it increased the expression of the M2 marker Arg-1, and inhibited, at least in part, ROS generation and loss of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization through the inhibition of cleaved caspase-3 activation. RA also inhibited DNA damage, reassuring cell protection. Conclusions: The results suggested a protective effect of RA through downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and cleaved caspase-3.

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supporting

confidence: 82%

Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates the Activation of Murine Microglial N9 Cells through the Downregulation of Inflammatory Cytokines and Cleaved Caspase-3

Coelho

Viau²,

Staub³

et al. 2017

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…decrease of COX-2, PGE-2, IL-1β, matrix metallopeptidase 2 and NO levels in male Wistar rats that underwent CCI (rosmarinic acid at 40 mg/kg b.w., i.p., after 7 and 14 days) [59]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroprotective Effects of Phenolic Acids: Molecular Mechanism of Action

2017

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The neuroprotective role of phenolic acids from food has previously been reported by many authors. In this review, the role of phenolic acids in ameliorating depression, ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, glutamate-induced toxicity, epilepsy, imbalance after traumatic brain injury, hyperinsulinemia-induced memory impairment, hearing and vision disturbances, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, anti-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Chagas disease and other less distributed diseases is discussed. This review covers the in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders (on the biochemical and gene expression levels) by phenolic acids.

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“…This compound is commonly found in the plant family of Lamiaceae, such as Melissa officinalis L. and Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Petersen & Simmonds, ). It has been demonstrated that RA has many pharmacological activities, for example, antiviral, antibacterial (Wang et al, ), anti‐inflammatory (Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, Amin, Mehri, Mirnajafi‐Zadeh, & Hosseinzadeh, ), and antioxidant (Chen, Li, Xu, & Zhou, ; Kittipongpittaya, Panya, Phonsatta, & Decker, ). The pharmacological importance of RA is mainly due to its antidiabetic property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the metabolites of rosmarinic acid in human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Jing

Jia

et al. 2020

Biomedical Chromatography

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Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic acid originally isolated from the herb medicine Rosmarinus officinalis. The purpose of this study was to identify the metabolites of RA. RA was incubated with human liver microsomes in the presence of β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate tetrasodium salt and/or uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid using glutathione (GSH) as a trapping agent. After 60‐min incubation, the samples were analyzed using high‐resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Under the current conditions, 14 metabolites were detected and identified. Our data revealed that RA was metabolized through the following pathways: the first pathway is the oxidation of catechol to form ortho‐quinone intermediates, which react with GSH to form mono‐GSH adducts (M1, M2, and M3) and bis‐GSH adducts (M4 and M5); the second pathway is conjugation with glucuronide to yield acylglucuronide (M7), which further reacts with GSH to form RA‐S‐acyl‐GSH adduct (M9); the third pathway is hydroxylation to form M10, M11, and M12, which further react with GSH to form mono‐GSH adducts (M13 and M14); the fourth pathway is conjugation with GSH through Michael addition (M6); the fifth pathway is conjugation with glucuronidation, forming M8, which is the major metabolic pathway of RA.

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Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and rosmarinic acid in a rat model of neuropathic pain

Cited by 132 publications

References 58 publications

Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates the Activation of Murine Microglial N9 Cells through the Downregulation of Inflammatory Cytokines and Cleaved Caspase-3

Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates the Activation of Murine Microglial N9 Cells through the Downregulation of Inflammatory Cytokines and Cleaved Caspase-3

The Neuroprotective Effects of Phenolic Acids: Molecular Mechanism of Action

Characterization of the metabolites of rosmarinic acid in human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

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