Anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 in patients with COVID-19

Sazgarnejad, Saharnaz; Yazdanpanah, Niloufar; Rezaei, Nima

doi:10.1080/14787210.2021.1964955

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Currently, the role of the inflammatory response in promoting the pathological processes in T2DM and its impact on affected tissues and organs is well recognized. Several studies have provided insights into the mechanisms by which T2DM induces inflammation and oxidative stress. – It is indisputably beneficial to modulate the inflammatory response in T2DM patients. – The cardiovascular, renal, and other organ-protective effects of novel antidiabetic medications have been attributed to their anti-inflammatory properties . Colonic inflammation, with its detrimental effects on the mucosal barrier, bacterial infection, and insulin resistance, has been implicated in various diseases, including diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inulin Inhibits the Inflammatory Response through Modulating Enteric Glial Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Mice by Reshaping Intestinal Flora

Li,

Duan,

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Inulin, a commonly used dietary fiber supplement, is capable of modulating the gut microbiome. Chronic inflammation resulting from metabolic abnormalities and gut flora dysfunction plays a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our research has demonstrated that inulin administration effectively reduced colonic inflammation in T2DM mice by inducing changes in the gut microbiota and increasing the concentration of butyric acid, which in turn modulated the function of enteric glial cells (EGCs). Experiments conducted on T2DM mice revealed that inulin administration led to an increase in the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and the concentration of butyric acid in the colon. The anti-inflammatory effects of altered gastrointestinal flora and its metabolites were further confirmed through fecal microbiota transplantation. Butyric acid was found to inhibit the activation of the κB inhibitor kinase β/nuclear factor κB pathway, regulate the expression levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, suppress the abnormal activation of EGCs, and prevent the release of inflammatory factors by EGCs. Similar results were observed in vitro experiments with butyric acid. Our findings demonstrate that inulin, by influencing the intestinal flora, modifies the activity of EGCs to effectively reduce colonic inflammation in T2DM mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inulin Inhibits the Inflammatory Response through Modulating Enteric Glial Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Mice by Reshaping Intestinal Flora

Li,

Duan,

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…Incretins have direct anti-inflammatory effects in the gut. [47][48][49][50] Thus, we ask if they may be contributing to the anti-inflammatory response we observed. Incretin secretion is governed by the sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter B 0 AT1.…”

Section: Lp-ace2 Promotes Ace2:b0at1-mediated Incretin Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of Enteral ACE2 Prevents Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes

Prasad

Floyd

Dupont

et al. 2023

Circulation Research

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BACKGROUND: We examined components of systemic and intestinal renin-angiotensin system on gut barrier permeability, glucose homeostasis, systemic inflammation, and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in human subjects and mice with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Type 1 diabetes individual with (n=18) and without (n=20) DR and controls (n=34) were examined for changes in gut-regulated components of the immune system, gut leakage markers (FABP2 [fatty acid binding protein 2] and PGN [peptidoglycan]), and Ang II (angiotensin II); Akita mice were orally administered a Lactobacillus paracasei (LP) probiotic expressing humanized ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein (LP-ACE2) as either a prevention or an intervention. Akita mice with genetic overexpression of humanAce2 by small intestine epithelial cells ( Vil-Cre.hAce2KI-Akita ) were similarly examined. After 9 months of type 1 diabetes, circulatory, enteral, and ocular end points were assessed. RESULTS: Type 1 diabetes subjects exhibit elevations in gut-derived circulating immune cells (Th17 and ILC1 cells) and higher gut leakage markers, which were positively correlated with plasma Ang II and DR severity. The LP-ACE2 prevention cohort and genetic overexpression of intestinal ACE2 preserved barrier integrity, reduced inflammatory response, improved hyperglycemia, and delayed development of DR. Improvements in glucose homeostasis were due to intestinal MasR activation, resulting in a GSK-3β/c-Myc-mediated decrease in intestinal glucose transporter expression. In the LP-ACE2 intervention cohort, gut barrier integrity was improved and DR reversed, but no improvement in hyperglycemia was observed. These data support that the beneficial effects of LP-ACE2 on DR are due to the action of ACE2, not improved glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS: Dysregulated systemic and intestinal renin-angiotensin system was associated with worsening gut barrier permeability, gut-derived immune cell activation, systemic inflammation, and progression of DR in human subjects. In Akita mice, maintaining intestinal ACE2 expression prevented and reversed DR, emphasizing the multifaceted role of the intestinal renin-angiotensin system in diabetes and DR.

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“…Hence, GLP-1 is explored for having anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19. It decreases the CRP levels that are increased in the infected condition and is reported to reduce complications of diabetes mellitus associated with COVID-19 (Katsiki and Ferrannini 2020 ; Lee et al 2021 ; Sazgarnejad et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Peptides/immune Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19

Bagwe

Ponugoti

et al. 2022

Int J Pept Res Ther

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been prevalent in the humans since 2019 and has given rise to a pandemic situation. With the discovery and ongoing use of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, there is still no surety of its complete suppression of this disease or if there is a need for additional booster doses. There is an urgent need for alternative treatment strategies against COVID-19. Peptides and peptidomimetics have several advantages as therapeutic agents because of their target selectivity, better interactions, and lower toxicity. Minor structural alterations to peptides can help prevent their fast metabolism and provide long-action. This comprehensive review provides an overview of different peptide-based vaccines and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. It discusses the design and mechanism of action of the peptide-based vaccines, peptide immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory agents, and peptides as entry inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the mechanism of action, sequences and current clinical trial studies are also summarized. The review also discusses the future aspects of peptide-based vaccines and therapeutics for COVID-19. Graphical Abstract

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Anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 in patients with COVID-19

Cited by 17 publications

References 88 publications

Inulin Inhibits the Inflammatory Response through Modulating Enteric Glial Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Mice by Reshaping Intestinal Flora

Inulin Inhibits the Inflammatory Response through Modulating Enteric Glial Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Mice by Reshaping Intestinal Flora

Maintenance of Enteral ACE2 Prevents Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes

Peptide-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19

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