Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipids Extracted from Arctoscopus japonicus Eggs on LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

Abstract

Arctoscopus japonicus is a cold-water marine fish. The present study investigated the fatty acid composition of A. japonicus egg lipids and their anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW246.7 macrophages. The results showed that A. japonicus egg lipids contained primarily polyunsaturated fatty acids (52.9% of the total fatty acid content; mostly eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 21.2 ± 0.5%] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 25.9 ± 0.1%]), followed by monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids (23.7% and 23.4%, respectively). A. japonicus egg lipids significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and suppressed the expression of immune-associated genes such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α LPS-stimulated RAW246.7 macrophages in dose-dependent manner. A. japonicus egg lipids also reduced the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p-65, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK, key components of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, suggesting that the lipid-induced anti-inflammatory activity is related to these signaling pathways. These results indicate that the lipids extracted from A. japonicus eggs have potential biofunctions and might be useful for regulating inflammation in macrophages.

Immunomodulatory Activities of Ammodytes personatus Egg Lipid in RAW264.7 Cells

“…As shown in Figure 6 c,d, A. personatus lipid exerted a significant inhibitory effect. Similar to our study, the lipids extracted from marine sources such as Arctoscopus japonicus eggs, Nostoc commune, and Salvia miltiorrhiza exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in RAW264.7 cells [ 22 , 46 , 47 ]. In addition, Monmai et al [ 4 ] reported that H. aurantium tunic fatty acids also exerted immunomodulatory effects by regulating the activity of these pathways.…”

“…Furthermore, the four lipid fractions, namely total lipids, neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids, from A. japonicus eggs have demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS [ 14 , 22 ]. Our results show that A. personatus lipid exerted anti-inflammatory and immune enhancement effects on macrophages.…”

“…The lipid extracts from Arctoscopus japonicus eggs were reported to contain the highest levels of omega-3 PUFAs. They exhibited relatively potent anti-inflammatory activity, which inhibited the production of NO, the expression of iNOS , COX-2 , IL-1β , IL-6 , and TNF-α , and protein expression by suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages [ 14 , 22 ]. Additionally, Han et al [ 23 ] reported that cytokine secretion and NO production enhanced the immunomodulatory activity of DHA by regulating the activation of GPR120, C-Raf, MAPKs, and NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells.…”

Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus) Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways

“…Previous studies have shown that EPA (21.2%) and DHA (25.9%) were abundantly present in the total lipids extracted from A. japonicus eggs. Moreover, the lipid fractions exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages [42]. In this study, total lipids were extracted from A. japonicus eggs and were subjected to fractional distillation.…”

“…In our preliminary research study, we found that total lipids of A. japonicus eggs had high amounts of PUFAs (52.9% of the total fatty acid content; the predominant compounds were DHA [25.9 ± 0.1%] and EPA [21.2 ± 0.5%]). Furthermore, it was found that total lipids exhibit anti-inflammatory activity on macrophages [ 42 ]. However, no previous study has examined the fatty acid profiles of individual lipids, which were isolated from A. japonicus eggs by fractional distillation.…”