Anti-inflammatory Effects of Low-frequency Stimulator using Superposition of Alternating Microcurrent Wave in the Animal Models

Abstract

Treatment techniques that affect homeostasis by non-invasive regulation in peripheral organs will advance disease research. Here, we demonstrate a non-invasive method of conditioning within an organ using a low-frequency stimulator superposition of alternating microcurrent wave in stages. It is first applied to the inflammatory response in H3N2-infected sinusitis mice. To check the progress of the treatment, mice were sacrificed every week for 3 weeks, nasal tissue was removed, and the inflammatory response was investigated through H & E staining. The low-frequency stimulation treatment group was found to alleviate the proliferation of epithelial cells and invasion of inflammatory cells compared to the control group as the passage of treatment time. The reduction of inflammatory cytokines in the nasal lavage fluid was observed in H3N2-infected sinusitis mice treated with of low-frequency stimulation using superposition of alternating microcurrent wave compared to H3N2-infected sinusitis mice after 3 weeks. These data demonstrate that low-frequency stimulation device in the form of using alternating current wave superposition on within organs provides a new method to regulate specific physiological functions. Therefore, it is necessary to prove the inhibitory effect of low-frequency stimulation using alternating current wave superposition on inflammatory diseases by various methods through further studies and clinical studies.

Microcurrent therapy as the nonpharmacological new protocol against Alzheimer’s disease

“…Reduced expression of GFAP and Iba1, markers for astrocyte and microglial activation, respectively, in Aβ-injected AD mice exposed to microcurrent, suggests a potential anti-inflammatory effect of this therapy. These findings align with prior research that has underscored microcurrent therapy’s capacity to regulate neuroinflammation ( Kim et al, 2021 ). Amyloid-degrading enzymes (ADE) was reported as its role in removing harmful amyloid moieties.…”

“…During current therapy, adverse effects indeed range from itching, tingling and burning sensations to redness beneath the stimulated areas ( Bikson et al, 2016 ; Russo et al, 2017 ). Microcurrent stimulation therapy is a treatment method that uses a current of less than 1,000 μA, which can hardly be felt by the human body, and is measured in mA units ( Koh, 2018 ; Kim et al, 2021 ). Microcurrent therapy, which entails delivering low-level electrical currents to targeted areas of the brain, shows potential for alleviating the cognitive symptoms and neuroinflammation linked to AD ( Sabel et al, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2022 ).…”

Comparative Analysis of Plaque Removal and Wear between Electric–Mechanical and Bioelectric Toothbrushes

“…The force with which the toothbrush pressed on the teeth was set to 1.5 N as the average value from the suggestion and the flat surface of molars in the typodonts was brushed to minimize the variant of cleaning due to tilted surface [34]. The brushing speed was 120 strokes/min, as suggested in the literature [36]. Two minutes is generally the recommended duration for toothbrushing [37].…”

“…We conducted four types of toothbrush testing conditions (Control: conventional toothbrushes, Negative Control: developmental toothbrushes without the BE, Experimental Group: with the BE, and Experimental group: electric-mechanical toothbrushes) using the in vitro toothbrush simulator. We used Streptococcus mutan-based plaque incubated in a growth medium as the standard model of oral biofilms [36]. Based on the experimental results, we investigated the degree of plaque removal and surface wear effect of the BE toothbrush in comparison to the traditional electric-mechanical device.…”

Sciatic nerve stimulation alleviates acute neuropathic pain via modulation of neuroinflammation and descending pain inhibition in a rodent model

“…Furthermore, there is limited research on the frequency used in PNS, which is an imperative parameter affecting the response. PNS at a frequency of 100–10,000 Hz is associated with gate-control-induced paresthesia to achieve analgesia [ 19 , 22 ], whereas PNS at a lower frequency (2–30 Hz) is reported to have a modulatory effect on inflammation [ 21 , 23 ]. Thus, further investigation of frequency is essential for achieving optimal pain relief from PNS.…”