Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygonum minus (Huds) extract (Lineminus™) in in-vitro enzyme assays and carrageenan induced paw edema

Abstract

BackgroundThe study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Polygonum minus (Huds) using in vitro and in vivo approaches.MethodsThe in vitro tests used to evaluate ethanolic extract are cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase (5-LOX), secretory phospholipase-A2 (sPLA2) inhibition assay whilst the in-vivo effect was measured by the ability of aqueous extracts to reduce paw edema induced by λ-carrageenan, in rats.ResultsThe ethanolic extract inhibited the activities of 5-LOX and COX-1(p < 0.05) whilst the inhibitory effect on COX-2 was only moderate. A marked inhibition of 5-LOX was observed at 30 μg/ ml. The extract did not inhibit the activity of sPLA2. The ability of the ethanolic extracts of Polygonum minus to inhibit both 5-LOX and COX, prompted a study to evaluate the effects of using an aqueous extract of Polygonum minus(LineminusTM); as this would be more suitable for future clinical testing. The anti-inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract from this plant was evaluated using a rat model where inflammation was induced in the paws by injection of λ-carrageenan. The aqueous extracts from Polygonum minus administered at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), significantly (p < 0.01) reduced paw edema induced by λ-carrageenan in the experimental model, at 4 h compared to the vehicle control. Furthermore, administration of 100 mg/kg b.w. or 300 mg/kg b.w. completely reduced inflammation of the paw 4 h after injection.ConclusionThese findings suggest that aqueous extract of Polygonum minus possesses potent anti-inflammatory activities.

GC-MS/Olfactometric characterisation and aroma extraction dilution analysis of aroma active compounds in Polygonum minus essential oil

“…Furthermore, moderate levels of anticancer and antibacterial activities were demonstrated by P. minus crude extracts (Ahmad et al, 2014). Other bioactivities include antiulcer, anti-inflammatory (George et al, 2014) and anti-ageing (Haris et al, 2014). Hence, P. minus plants have great potential as natural products in aromatherapy and in the pharmaceutical industry.…”

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Compounds from Polygonum odoratum

“…Scutellarein-7-glucoside (5) and quercitrin (7) significantly decreased the IL-6 and TNF- production, as shown in Figure 2C. The IC 50 for reduction of IL-6 secretion was calculated as 102 µM (5) and 77 µM (7), respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity as indicated by the decrease of cytokine secretion by scutellarein-7glucoside has not been shown before.…”

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of The Chloroform Extract of Annona muricata Leaves on Phospholipase A2 and Prostaglandin Synthase Activities

“…This inhibition of PLA 2 activity by the extract also implies that it was able to suppress the release of free fatty acids from red blood cell (RBC) membrane phospholipids and the consequent deprivation of COX and LOX precursors for the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, hence limiting their effects such as vasodilatation, vascular permeability, chemotaxis and pain, thus preventing inflammation. This inhibition also implies that the extract has potentials in curing atherosclerosis and cancer as PLA 2 has been implicated in their aetiology Sato [32]. The mechanism of inhibition of PLA 2 by the extract could be like that of corticosteroids which induce lipocortin [33].…”