Anti-inflammatory effects of silver-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (Ag-PVP) nanoparticles in mouse macrophages infected with live Chlamydia trachomatis

Abstract

Abstract:Chlamydia trachomatis is a very common sexually transmissible infection in both developing and developed countries. A hallmark of C. trachomatis infection is the induction of severe inflammatory responses which play critical roles in its pathogenesis. Antibiotics are the only treatment option currently available for controlling C. trachomatis infection; however, they are efficacious only when administered early after an infection. The objectives of this study are to explore alternative strategies in the control and regulation of inflammatory responses triggered by a C. trachomatis infection. We employed silver-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (Ag-PVP) nanoparticles, which have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, as our target and the in vitro mouse J774 macrophage model of C. trachomatis infection. Our hypothesis is that small sizes of Ag-PVP nanoparticles will control inflammatory mediators triggered by a C. trachomatis infection. Cytotoxicity studies using Ag-PVP nanoparticles of 10, 20, and 80 nm sizes revealed .80% macrophage viability up to a concentration of 6.25 µg/mL, with the 10 nm size being the least toxic. All sizes of Ag-PVP nanoparticles, especially the 10 nm size, reduced the levels of the prototypic cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6, as elicited from C. trachomatis infected macrophages. Additionally, Ag-PVP nanoparticles (10 nm) selectively inhibited a broad spectrum of other cytokines and chemokines produced by infected macrophages. Of significance, Ag-PVP nanoparticles (10 nm

Poly(lactic acid)–poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles provide sustained delivery of a Chlamydia trachomatis recombinant MOMP peptide and potentiate systemic adaptive immune responses in mice

“…The effect of nanoparticles on mouse J774 macrophages viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye reduction assay and the Cell-Titer 96 Cell Proliferation Assay kit (Promega) as described 19 . Absorbance at 570 nm was measured using a microplate reader.…”

“…Cytokines and chemokines were quantified in cell free-culture supernatants using multiplex ELISA as described 17,19–21 . Only those cytokines and chemokines that were statistically significant ( P ≤ 0.05) above the detection limit (3.2 pg/mL) are reported in this study.…”

Modulation of Human Macrophage Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Silver Nanoparticles of Different Size and Surface Modification

“…A recent study indicated that AgNP exposures alter the population of intestinal microbiota and gut-associated immune responses in rats [ 18 ]. Anti-inflammatory effects of AgNP capped with polyvinlypyrrolidone (PVP) have also been reported in Chlamydia trachomatis infected mouse J774 macrophages [ 19 ]. However, the effects of AgNP on antibacterial human host immune cell responses have not been systematically examined.…”

Improving the bone forming ability of synthetic bone substitutes using trace element additions

“…For instance, Barralet et al showed that the incorporation of copper ions in calcium phosphate scaffolds could enhance the formation of microvessels and wound tissue ingrowth [329]. Silverdoped synthetic materials showed anti-inflammatory activity [330][331][332]. In chapter 6 of this thesis, we observed increasing chondrogenesis in strontium-containing composites in an osteoporotic model.…”

“…The application of trace elements is thus not limited to bone, but also in other fields such as instructing vascularisation [318,329,[348][349][350] and anti-infection [331,351,352]. For example, the antimicrobial silver (Ag) could suppress inflammatory responses [330,353,354] and the doping of Ag in calcium phosphates has shown to reduce the risk of implant-associated infections [331,351,352,355]. It is known that on the one hand inflammatory response is important for the recruitment of osteoprogenitors and activation of osteogenic cytokine secretion [356][357][358], while on the other hand, excessive inflammation as well as severe infection after implantation should be avoided.…”