Anti-inflammatory potential of platinum nanozymes: mechanisms and perspectives

Abstract

Inflammation is a complex process of the body in response to pathogen infections or dysregulated metabolism, involving the recruitment and activation of immune system components. Repeated dangerous stimuli or uncontrolled...

Nanozymes for the Therapeutic Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

“…28 The third is relief of oxidative stress and antiinflammation. 29 Excessive superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, i.e., high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), exist in the microenvironment of DFU, which disrupts redox homeostasis and induces oxidative stress. 30 Excessive oxidative stress causes disruption of the immune system response, downregulation of various growth factors, and obstruction of cell proliferation and migration, thereby exacerbating wound inflammation and delaying healing.…”

“…Given the presence of large amounts of H 2 O 2 in the DFU microenvironment, nanozymes with POD-like activity have been widely used to kill infectious pathogens by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into •OH, which promotes wound healing . The third is relief of oxidative stress and anti-inflammation . Excessive superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, i.e., high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), exist in the microenvironment of DFU, which disrupts redox homeostasis and induces oxidative stress .…”

Platinum Nanozymes Counteract Photoreceptor Degeneration and Retina Inflammation in a Light-Damage Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

“…51 Moreover, PtNPs have shown superior stability and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo 51 and are emerging for their strong antiinflammatory potential. 4 Thus, their application as s nanozymebased antioxidant therapy for the treatment of a variety of oxidative stress-induced diseases, including neurodegeneration, 52,53 is very attractive, although they have never been tested in vivo as therapeutics for ocular diseases.…”

“…These lifelong conditions make PRs extremely vulnerable to oxidative damage and to the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When these species, primarily generated by the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, rise above the low physiological levels (<100 nM), progressive cell damage occurs, with alterations in DNA, cell membranes, and intracellular signaling pathways, triggering cell death programs and inflammatory processes. − Under physiological conditions, the effects of the oxidative microenvironment are neutralized by endogenous antioxidant and cell repair systems in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and PRs. However, when mutations of genes critical for these antioxidant activities or prolonged exposure to the oxidative milieu during aging occur, PR degeneration takes place, leading to diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD), respectively.…”

“…The active catalytic sites of PtNPs are their surface atoms, which have significant and persistent ROS-scavenging activities in vitro with high performance without the need for specially prepared ligands. ,− Fully biocompatible, biocorona-coated PtNPs are endocytosed by cells, whose lysosomes free the NPs from the corona and boost their nanozyme performance thanks to the acidic pH . Moreover, PtNPs have shown superior stability and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo and are emerging for their strong anti-inflammatory potential . Thus, their application as s nanozyme-based antioxidant therapy for the treatment of a variety of oxidative stress-induced diseases, including neurodegeneration, , is very attractive, although they have never been tested in vivo as therapeutics for ocular diseases.…”