Anti-Inflammatory Property ofPlantago majorLeaf Extract Reduces the Inflammatory Reaction in Experimental Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury

Abstract

Hepatic injury induces inflammatory process and cell necrosis. Plantago major is traditionally used for various diseases. This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory property of P. major leaf extracts on inflammatory reaction following acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups, namely, normal control (C), APAP, aqueous (APAP + AQ), methanol (APAP + MT), and ethanol (APAP + ET) extract treated groups. All APAP groups received oral APAP (2 g/kg) at day 0. Then, 1000 mg/kg dose of P. major extracts was given for six days. The levels of liver transaminases were measured at day 1 and day 7 after APAP induction. At day 7, the blood and liver tissue were collected to determine plasma cytokines and tissue 11β-HSD type 1 enzyme. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts were 26.74 ± 1.6%, 21.69 ± 2.81%, and 12.23 ± 3.15%, respectively. The ALT and AST levels were significantly higher in the APAP groups at day 1 whereas the enzyme levels of all groups showed no significant difference at day 7. The extracts treatment significantly reduced the proinflammatory cytokine levels and significantly increased the 11β-HSD type 1 enzyme activity (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the P. major extracts attenuate the inflammatory reaction following APAP-induced liver injury.

Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aerial Part Extracts of Plantago Major L.

“…This study also observed that highest anti-inflammatory activity was found in the ME at a dose of 900 mg/kg. This result was similar to the findings of Beara et al [18] and Hussan et al [38]. It is reported that anti-inflammatory activity of P. major is contributed by flavonoids such as baicalein and hispidulin and iridoid glycosides such as aucubin [8].…”

Silkworm pupa oil attenuates acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress‐mediated NF‐κB signaling

“…The increased level of TNF-α makes TNF-α to bind to its receptor TNF-α receptor 1 (TNF-R1), which drives the activation of hepatic apoptosis and necrosis signaling (Chao, Wang, & Ding, 2017;Filliol et al, 2016). Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines production attenuates inflammation-mediated hepatocyte injury following APAP toxicity (Devkar et al, 2016;Hussan et al, 2015). The levels of IL-6 and IL-12 F I G U R E 2 Effects of silkworm pupa oil on hepatic histology (original magnification 100×).…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Healing Potential of Phytoderivatives in Cutaneous Rabbits Wounds

“…[23] Foliar extracts of P. major reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 , IL-1 , TNF-) released by activated macrophages may be due to local production of glucocorticoids. [29,55] Plantamajoside, several polyphenols and polysaccharides present in P.…”

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Plant extracts of aerial or root organs present complex mixtures containing phenolic compounds, essential oils, alkaloids, among others, with synergistic effects among the different phytochemicals potentiating their action in multiple targets, and the possibility of a loss of bioactivity and chemical instability if isolated. Widely used for therapeutic purposes in traditional medicine, medicinal plants of Achyrocline satureioides, [19][20][21] Cinnamomum camphora, [22][23][24][25][26][27] Myroxylon peruiferum, [28] Plantago major, [2,[29][30][31][32][33] Vernonia polyanthes inflammatory potential of polyphenolic compounds, in particular flavonoids, is in its action in the various cells involved in the inflammatory process as granulocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, dendritic cells and fibroblastos, in modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, nitric oxide synthases responsible for the production of mediators such as nitric oxide, prostanoids, leukotrienes, chemokines or adhesion molecules, and several key cytokines, essentially through signaling nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase.…”