Anti‐microbial and ‐inflammatory activity and efficacy of phytosphingosine: an <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> study addressing acne vulgaris

Pavicic, Tatjana; Wollenweber, Ute; Farwick, Mike; Hc, Korting

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00378.x

Cited by 108 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Phytosphingosine may be an ideal candidate for treating acne vulgaris (16,18), as it has been shown to be antimicrobial for Propionibacterium acnes in vitro; downregulates the proinflammatory chemokines interleukin 8 (IL-8), CXCL2, and endothelin 1 in primary human keratinocytes; reduces the release of both lactate dehydrogenase and interleukin 1␣ in response to sodium dodecyl sulfate; is anti-inflammatory when tested in an organotypic skin model; and enhances the resolution of acne when applied topically. Lauric acid (C 12:0 ) has promise as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of acne (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Activity of Sphingoid Bases and Fatty Acids against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Fischer

Drake

Dawson

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

198

226

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There is growing evidence that the role of lipids in innate immunity is more important than previously realized. How lipids interact with bacteria to achieve a level of protection, however, is still poorly understood. To begin to address the mechanisms of antibacterial activity, we determined MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of lipids common to the skin and oral cavity-the sphingoid bases D-sphingosine, phytosphingosine, and dihydrosphingosine and the fatty acids sapienic acid and lauric acid-against four Gram-negative bacteria and seven Gram-positive bacteria. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests of these values showed differences among lipid treatments (P < 0.0001) for each bacterial species except Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. D-Sphingosine (MBC range, 0.3 to 19.6 g/ml), dihydrosphingosine (MBC range, 0.6 to 39.1 g/ml), and phytosphingosine (MBC range, 3.3 to 62.5 g/ml) were active against all bacteria except S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa (MBC > 500 g/ml). Sapienic acid (MBC range, 31.3 to 375.0 g/ml) was active against Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum but not active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa, Corynebacterium bovis, Corynebacterium striatum, and Corynebacterium jeikeium (MBC > 500 g/ml). Lauric acid (MBC range, 6.8 to 375.0 g/ml) was active against all bacteria except E. coli, S. marcescens, and P. aeruginosa (MBC > 500 g/ml). Complete killing was achieved as early as 0.5 h for some lipids but took as long as 24 h for others. Hence, sphingoid bases and fatty acids have different antibacterial activities and may have potential for prophylactic or therapeutic intervention in infection.C ommon sphingolipids and fatty acids are involved in the physical barrier, permeability barrier, and immunologic barrier functions of the skin and oral mucosa (8,14). Epithelial layers contain ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol; sebaceous lipids at the skin surface include a complex mixture of triglycerides, fatty acids, wax esters, squalene, cholesterol, and cholesterol esters; and saliva contains the same sebaceous lipids (6,14,19). These sebaceous secretions contribute to (i) the transport of fatsoluble antioxidants to the skin and mucosal surfaces, (ii) the proand anti-inflammatory properties of the skin and mucosal surfaces, and (iii) the innate antimicrobial activity of the skin and mucosal surfaces (20,26,27).Although the composition, biosynthesis, secretion, and function of cutaneous lipids are well characterized from extensive and elegant work done in the 1970s, little is known about their role in controlling microbial infection and colonization. Certain fatty acids and sphingoid bases found at the skin and mucosal surfaces are known to have antibacterial activity and are thought to play a more direct role than previously thought in innate immune defense against epidermal and mucosal bacterial infections (10). They include free sphingosines, dihydrosphingosines, lauric acid, and sapienic aci...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Activity of Sphingoid Bases and Fatty Acids against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Fischer

Drake

Dawson

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

198

226

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Inhibition of lipid metabolism and transport leads to improper barrier function (9)(10)(11)(12). Sphingolipids were shown to improve barrier function, dermatitis, acne and photodamage (13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Accepted For Publication 20 August 2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sphingoid bases on the sphingolipidome in early keratinocyte differentiation

Sigrüener¹,

Tarabin²,

Paragh

et al. 2013

Experimental Dermatology

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Keratinocyte sphingolipids are structural elements of epidermal permeability barrier and potential regulators of epidermal functions. We tested the influence of sphingoid bases sphinganine, sphingosine and phytosphingosine on in vitro keratinocyte differentiation. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis after treatment emphasizes sphinganine and phytosphingosine as potent modulators of keratinocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Sphinganine treatment regulated differentiation and sphingolipid metabolism-related genes, and also increased all major ceramide species. Sphingosine treatment increased ceramide and phytoceramide pools without changes in dihydroceramides. Phytosphingosine treatment markedly increased phytoceramide pools without raising ceramide or dihydroceramide levels. Sphinganine treatment increased specifically very long chain ceramides essential for intact barrier function. In summary, sphingoid bases, especially sphinganine, promote differentiation and ceramide production in keratinocytes. Free sphinganine may serve as a dermatological and cosmetic agent by enhancing formation and maintenance of an intact epidermal lipid barrier, with beneficial effects for skin and hair care applications.Abbreviations: FA, fatty acid; SpB, sphingoid base.

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“…A substância P é um mediador primário de amplificação, induzida pelo estresse, que leva à inflamação e à produção de sebo na acne. De acordo com os resultados de um estudo clínico, o uso tópico de Bifidobacterium longum promoveu efeito antiinflamatório e diminuição significativa da vasodilatação, edema, desgranulação de mastócitos e liberação de TNF-α em relação ao grupo controle (PAVICIC et al, 2007).…”

Section: Estudos Adicionais Evidenciaram O Valor Da Terapia Tópica Counclassified

Probiotics in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Acne

Berbl

Ruiz

Sampaio³

et al. 2016

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RESUMO:Atualmente, observa-se um aumento progressivo das afecções cutâneas, como doenças alérgicas, acne, entre outras. Assim, novas alternativas preventivas e de tratamento têm sido buscadas. Neste âmbito, nota-se o crescimento no número de pesquisas que são destinadas a investigar se a suplementação com probióticos seria capaz de reduzir a incidência e a gravidade das atopias clínicas, bem como seus possíveis efeitos como estratégia de tratamento. O termo probiótico tem origem grega e significa "pró-vida"; assim, os probióticos têm sido considerados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde uma terapêutica alternativa mais importante que os antibióticos, uma vez que não induzem resistência. São definidos como microrganismos vivos que, quando administrados em quantidades adequadas, podem conferir benefícios à saúde do hospedeiro. Atualmente, os probióticos são comercializados na forma de nutracêuticos, nutricosméticos e de alimentos funcionais. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo elucidar o conceito dos probióticos, bem como apresentar estudos clínicos que comprovam a eficácia no tratamento de dermatites atópicas e acne. Palavras-chaves: Probióticos; dermatite atópica; acne. ABSTRACT:Nowadays there is a progressive increase of skin disorders, such as allergic diseases, acne, among others. Therefore, new preventive alternatives and treatment have been searched. In this context, we can observe the growth in the number of researches that investigate if supplementation with probiotics would be capable of reduce the incidence and gravity of atopic diseases, as well as their possible effects like treatment strategy. The term probiotic has a greek origin and it means pro-life. The probiotics has been considered by the World Health Organization a therapeutic alternative more important than antibiotics as the probiotics doesn't cause resistance. They are defined as living microorganisms whom, when managed in the proper quantity, can bring benefits to the

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Anti‐microbial and ‐inflammatory activity and efficacy of phytosphingosine: an in vitro and in vivo study addressing acne vulgaris

Cited by 108 publications

References 18 publications

Antibacterial Activity of Sphingoid Bases and Fatty Acids against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Antibacterial Activity of Sphingoid Bases and Fatty Acids against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Effects of sphingoid bases on the sphingolipidome in early keratinocyte differentiation

Probiotics in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Acne

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