Anti-Mullerian hormone and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

AMH levels are significantly higher in patients with PCOS, particularly in those women with PCOS and IR. Nevertheless, larger samples are required to confirm these findings.

Association between anti-Mullerian hormone and insulin resistance in non-obese adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome

“…Our findings were compatible with the previously published literature, showing that serum AMH levels are slightly higher in females with PCOS [20] and that a significant positive correlation between serum AMH and HOMA-IR levels is present in these adolescents [21]. The present study also indicates that insulin may have a direct effect on AMH synthesis in granulosa cells.…”

“…In another study, involving patients close in age to those in our study, a positive correlation between AMH and second-hour insulin levels was found in the peripubertal daughters of women with PCOS [33]. Fonseca et al [21] found a significant relationship between AMH levels and PCOS in patients both with and without IR, after adjusting for WC. They suggested that women with PCOS, especially those with IR, may have higher serum AMH levels due to a greater release of inflammatory factors into the systemic circulation, thus affecting AMH production in the ovaries.…”

Elevation of antimüllerian hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction: effect of insulin

“…We next explored possible reasons for AMH up-regulation in granulosa cells in PCOS. Hyperinsulinemia was proposed to be responsible for AMH elevation in PCOS (25). We detected the presence of insulin in both PCOS and non-PCOS follicular fluid, with a relatively higher level detected in the PCOS group (Fig.…”

“…It was thought that the increased number of small antral follicles in PCOS might produce an environment of excessive AMH, but later studies have shown that AMH production is increased in individual follicles and granulosa cells from PCOS women (21)(22)(23), with the underlying mechanism largely unexplored. Interestingly, hyperinsulinemia is proposed as a reason for AMH elevation in PCOS, because AMH levels were found to be particularly higher in PCOS women with insulin resistance (24,25) and long-term metformin treatment was reported to correct AMH levels in PCOS (26). However, contradictory findings were also reported (27,28), and the direct effect of insulin on AMH production by granulosa cells is not clearly demonstrated.…”

Determination of insulin resistance and its relationship with hyperandrogenemia,anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin A, inhibin B, and insulin-like peptide-3 levels in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome

“…Recently, a study involving only adolescents and young adults found that the AMH level was elevated in adolescent girls with PCOS who were nonobese and had IR [14]. The relationship between AMH and obesity/IR has been investigated in some studies, but most of them have been conducted with adults and/or have evaluated IR using the homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index [11,[14][15][16][17]. Only a small number of studies have examined glucose/insulin metabolism by way of the clamp test and/or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) [17][18][19].…”