Anti-Müllerian hormone levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in women

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis Given its role in ovarian follicle development, circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is considered to be a marker of reproductive ageing. Although accelerated reproductive ageing has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, research on the relationship between AMH and type 2 diabetes risk is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether age-specific AMH levels and age-related AMH trajectories are associated with type 2 diabetes risk in women. Methods We measured AMH in repeated plasma samples from 3293 female participants (12,460 samples in total), aged 20–59 years at recruitment, from the Doetinchem Cohort Study, a longitudinal study with follow-up visits every 5 years. We calculated age-specific AMH tertiles at baseline to account for the strong AMH–age correlation. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders were used to assess the association between baseline age-specific AMH tertiles and incident type 2 diabetes. We applied linear mixed models to compare age-related AMH trajectories for women who developed type 2 diabetes with trajectories for women who did not develop diabetes. Results During a median follow-up of 20 years, 163 women developed type 2 diabetes. Lower baseline age-specific AMH levels were associated with a higher type 2 diabetes risk (HRT2vsT3 1.24 [95% CI 0.81, 1.92]; HRT1vsT3 1.62 [95% CI 1.06, 2.48]; ptrend = 0.02). These findings seem to be supported by predicted AMH trajectories, which suggested that plasma AMH levels were lower at younger ages in women who developed type 2 diabetes compared with women who did not. The trajectories also suggested that AMH levels declined at a slower rate in women who developed type 2 diabetes, although differences in trajectories were not statistically significant. Conclusions/interpretation We observed that lower age-specific AMH levels were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Longitudinal analyses did not show clear evidence of differing AMH trajectories between women who developed type 2 diabetes compared with women who did not, possibly because these analyses were underpowered. Further research is needed to investigate whether AMH is part of the biological mechanism explaining the association between reproductive ageing and type 2 diabetes.

Identification of novel prognostic targets in acute kidney injury using bioinformatics and next generation sequencing data analysis

“…IGF2 [494], IRF7 [495], E2F1 [496], TEAD4 [497], KCNH2 [498], E2F2 [499], SNHG7 [500], FLI1 [501], CYP3A5 [502], HMGCS2 [503], GOT1 [504], PPARGC1A [505], GC (GC vitamin D binding protein) [506], VNN1 [507], NOX4 [508], SLC2A1 [509], BPGM (bisphosphoglyceratemutase) [164], NR4A3 [354], PFKFB2 [510], CDH2 [511], F11 [512], AQP2 [513], CLDN2 [514], EGF (epidermal growth factor) [515], ANGPT1 [516], KNG1 [517], SERPINA5 [518], HRG (histidine rich glycoprotein) [519], KL (klotho) [520], DEFB1 [521], ACE2 [522], AQP3 [523], CADM1 [188], DPP4 [524], STC1 [525], REN (renin) [526], TRPM6 [527], MSR1 [528], CCR1 [529], TNFRSF11B [530], FZD5 [531], ERBB4 [216], F8 [532], VCAM1 [533], PTGER3 [534] and ALB (albumin) [535] have been shown to influence the genetic risk of sepsis. IGF2 [536], IRF7 [100], PRKCB (protein kinase C beta) [101], CCL5 [537], EEF1A2 [538], ACTN3 [264], FCN1 [539], BRSK2 [540], MNX1 [541], AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone) [542], E2F1 [543], HAP1 [544], PF4 [545], AGER (advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor) [546], E2F2 [547], TYMP (thymidine phosphorylase) [548], PPP1CC [549], NR2E1 [550], GREM1 [436], GRIN1 [551], WNT3A [552], COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) [553], BHMT (betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase) [554], ANGPTL3 [555], PCK1 [556], KMO (kynurenine 3-monooxygenase) [557], HSD11B2 […”

Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration during pregnancy: a longitudinal study

“…The samples were also taken within a narrow window of 20 days for the 1st trimester measurement and 34 days for the 2nd trimester measurement, therefore limiting the potential variability originating from differences in gestational age. The study population had limited heterogeneity as participants with PCOS or diabetes were excluded from this study, to make the data less susceptible to the effects of extreme outliers (Al Khafaji et al, 2017, Kim et al, 2016, Bhattacharya et al, 2022, Teede et al, 2019, Verdiesen et al, 2021. As such, these results cannot be generalised to women with PCOS or diabetes.…”

Anti-Müllerian Hormone Accelerates Pathological Process of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

“…Circulating AMH was well known to be play important role in ovarian follicle development and was considered to be a marker of reproductive ageing. Recent epidemiological investigation was surveyed in 3293 female participants and it was observed that lower age-specific AMH levels were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women [22]. However, whether AMH is involved in part of the pathological process of IR remains unclear.…”