Anti-mumps virus activity by extracts of Mimosa pudica, a unique Indian medicinal plant

Abstract

Mumps is an acute and self-limiting disease characterized by parotitis, however in some cases it leads to aseptic meningitis, deafness, encephalitis and orchitis, which is a serious health concern. MMR vaccination was successful in eradicating the disease however, recent reports question the efficacy of MMR vaccine and countless outbreaks are observed in vaccinated populations throughout the world. Lack of specific treatment methods for mumps infection and inefficiency of MMR vaccine in vaccinated populations accentuates the need for the development of novel drugs to control mumps virus mediated serious infections. It was with this backdrop of information that the anti-mumps virus activity of Mimosa pudica was evaluated. Suspected mumps cases were collected to isolate a standard mumps virus by systematic laboratory testing which included IgM antibody assays, virus isolation, RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis. The virus was quantified by TCID 50 assay and anti-mumps virus property was evaluated by CPE reduction assay and cytotoxicity of the extract was measured by MTT assay and phytochemical analysis was done by gas chromatographymass spectroscopy. The RT-PCR and phylogenetic tree analysis of the SH gene sequence of the clinical isolate showed it to be mumps virus genotype C. 150 lg/ml concentration of M. pudica completely inhibited mumps virus and the drug was found to be non-toxic up to 2 mg/ml. M. pudica was thus found to be a potent inhibitor of MuV.

Analysis of serum th1/th2 cytokine levels in patients with acute mumps infection

“…Genotype C of mumps virus was isolated from our previous study and quantified by TCID 50 . [ 18 ] The quantified virus was used for PBMC infection as virus control and the PHA used as assay positive control. The median concentrations of virus control were 217.1 (210-223 pg/ml), 210.5 (192.6-206.4 pg/ml), 2 (1.94-2.12 pg/ml), and 194.2 (192.3-199.4 pg/ml), respectively [ Table 2 ].…”

Easy and Rapid Detection of Mumps Virus by Live Fluorescent Visualization of Virus-Infected Cells

“…However, some mumps viruses from clinical specimens show no or little CPE [ 1 , 5 ]. Moreover, it often takes more than 5–6 days until the appearance of an obvious CPE [ 6 , 8 ]. In the present study, there was no apparent difference in cell morphology between infected cells and non-infected cells at 48 hr post infection, when mumps virus generally showed no CPE ( Fig 3A and 3C ).…”

“…Therefore, for mumps virus, there is no standard procedure for easy detection of virus-infected cells and for evaluation of antiviral reagents. Furthermore, a period of more than 6 days after infection is required until appearances of an obvious CPE or plaque in many cases [ 3 , 6 – 8 ]. For laboratory confirmation and experimentation of mumps virus, it is useful if the method for detection of infected cells is easy, rapid, and independent of CPE and plaque formation.…”

An In-silico Investigation of Natural Compounds Derived from Mimosa Pudica as Potential Therapeutic Candidate Against Mumps Virus

“…As the extracts of Indian medicinal plant Mimosa pudica has the ability to induce the anti-viral activity against the mumps virus, we performed the docking of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of mumps virus with the several compounds of Mimosa pudica. The active compounds were retrieved from the species of plant Mimosa pudica (refer Table 1) (Malayan et al, 2013).…”