“…The presence of plasma ANA is thought to reflect immune system dysregulation (Fritzler, Pauls, Kinsella, & Bowen, 1985). In preclinical investigations, stress has been associated with an increased incidence of autoimmune antibodies (Djordjevic, Bukilica, Dimitrijevic, Markovic, & Jankovic, 1992). Hence, plasma ANA testing is a simple way to screen for alterations in normal immune homeostatic functions, namely hypofunctioning of the immune cells that actively suppress autoimmunity.…”