Anti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity

Tung, Yu Tang; Zeng, Jun-Lan; Ho, Shang-Tse; Xu, Jin-Wei; Li, Shiming; Wu, June H.

doi:10.3390/antiox10111694

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The spread of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with increasing cases of obesity, which loads the global health care system. Due to the extraordinary consumption of high-density foods, such as high-fat or high-sugar intake diets, organ damage raises the white adipose tissue, leading to health-threatening inflammatory alterations in humans, accompanied by metabolic and hormonal changes [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, LC–ESI–MS/MS was utilized to reveal, tentatively, the phytochemicals of the leaves of the plant. Recently, products from natural sources have become a substantial basis of pharmaceuticals, and they are actively being researched as potential therapeutic candidates [ 5 ]. They have a lot of benefits, including being risk-free, effective, biocompatible, and affordable [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elucidation of Natural Components of Gardenia thunbergia Thunb. Leaves: Effect of Methanol Extract and Rutin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2023

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The rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD has strained the healthcare system. Natural products could solve this problem, so the current study focused on the impact of G. thunbergia Thunb. against this ailment. LC–ESI–MS/MS revealed the phytochemical profile of the methanol extract from Gardenia thunbergia leaves (GME). Forty-eight compounds were tentatively identified, and stigmasterol, fucosterol, ursolic acid, and rutin were isolated. The separation of the last three compounds from this plant had not before been achieved. The anti-NAFLD effect of the methanol extract of the leaves of G. thunbergia, and its major metabolite, rutin, was assessed in mice against high-fructose diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male mice were allocated into nine groups: (1) saline (control), (2) 30% fructose (diseased group), (3) HFD, and 10 mg/kg of simvastatin. Groups 4–6 were administered HFD and rutin 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg. Groups (7–9) were administered HFD and methanol extract of leaves 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg. Methanol extract of G. thunbergia leaves at 200 mg/kg, and rutin at 75 mg/kg significantly reduced HFD-induced increments in mice weight and hepatic damage indicators (AST and ALT), steatosis, and hypertrophy. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL–C, and triglycerides in the blood decreased. In addition, the expressions of CYP2E1, JNK1, and iNOS in the diseased mice were downregulated. This study found that GME and rutin could ameliorate NAFLD in HFD-fed mice, with results comparable to simvastatin, validating G. thunbergia’s hepatoprotective effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of Natural Components of Gardenia thunbergia Thunb. Leaves: Effect of Methanol Extract and Rutin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2023

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“…Fresh hulls of djulis were obtained from Sin Fong Farm (Taitung, Taiwan). The hulls were extracted according to our previous report [ 23 ]. Djulis hull methanolic crude extracts were analysed using an UHPLC (ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography; UltiMate 3000 Rapid Separation Dual System, Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA) system coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer, Thermo Fisher Scientific) in positive ion detection mode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Djulis Hull Improves Insulin Resistance and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Hyperglycaemia

Tung

Zeng

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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In this study, we annotated the major flavonoid glycoside, rutin, of djulis hull crude extract using a Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) library and its MS/MS spectra. To evaluate the protective effect of djulis hull crude extract and rutin on glucose tolerance, we fed mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce hyperglycaemia. These results showed that crude extract significantly decreased HFD-induced elevation in the area under the curve (AUC) of weekly random blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels, and significantly increased pIRS1 and Glut4 protein expression in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and liver. Furthermore, the HFD-induced reduction in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) was reversed by crude extract. In addition, ZO-1 and occludin protein expression in the colon was markedly downregulated in HFD-fed mice, resulting in decreased intestinal permeability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, but were restored following crude extract. Moreover, the crude extract intervention had a profound effect on the alpha diversity and microbial community in the gut microbiota. Therefore, djulis hull crude extract could improve blood glucose and increase insulin receptor sensitivity in HFD-induced hyperglycaemia, which is likely due to its modulation of the gut microbiota, preservation of the integrity of the intestinal barrier to reduce body inflammation, increased antioxidant activity, and modulation of insulin signalling.

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“…22 Relevant research has revealed that phosphorylated AMPK modulates the expression of a series of downstream proteins, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), to suppress lipid synthesis and promotes free fatty acid (FFA) β-oxidation. 18 In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has also been proven to have a role in promoting FFA β-oxidation to reduce lipid synthesis. 23 Therefore, targeting and regulating AMPK and PPARα to reduce lipogenesis could be an effective means to ameliorate obesity-induced lipid metabolism disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Microbiome–Fat–Liver Axis by Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Potential Alleviated Role in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Wei

Peng

Xiao

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The major characteristics of obesity are abnormal lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation, and imbalanced gut microbiota. It has been reported that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) possess potential for alleviating obesity, considering which the strainspecific functions and diverse mechanisms and the roles and mechanisms of various LAB are worthy of investigation. This study aimed to validate and investigate the alleviating effects and underlying mechanisms of three LAB strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCUH001046 (LP), Limosilactobacillus reuteri NCUH064003, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCUH003068 (LF), in high-fatdiet-induced obese mice. The findings demonstrated that the three strains, particularly LP, suppressed body weight gain and fat deposition; ameliorated lipid disorders, liver and adipocyte morphology, and chronic low-grade inflammation; and reduced lipid synthesis via activating the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. In addition, LP and LF decreased the enrichment of bacteria positively correlated with obesity, like Mucispirillum, Olsenella, and Streptococcus, but facilitated the growth of beneficial bacteria negatively correlated with obesity, like Roseburia, Coprococcus, and Bacteroides, along with increasing the short-chain fatty acid levels. It is deduced that the underlying alleviating mechanism of LP was to modulate the hepatic AMPK signaling pathway and gut microbiota by the microbiome−fat−liver axis to alleviate obesity development. In conclusion, as a diet supplement, LP has promising potential in obesity prevention and treatment.

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Anti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Elucidation of Natural Components of Gardenia thunbergia Thunb. Leaves: Effect of Methanol Extract and Rutin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Elucidation of Natural Components of Gardenia thunbergia Thunb. Leaves: Effect of Methanol Extract and Rutin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Djulis Hull Improves Insulin Resistance and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Hyperglycaemia

Modulation of the Microbiome–Fat–Liver Axis by Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Potential Alleviated Role in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice

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