2022
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4299791
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Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: Retrospective Analysis of 15 Cases, Literature Review, and Implications for Gynecologists

Abstract: Background. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a rare form of autoimmune encephalitis caused by anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. This disease mainly affects women of childbearing age and is commonly associated with ovarian teratoma. However, the relationship between anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and ovarian teratoma and the role of anti-NMDA receptor antibody in the relationship remain unclear. Objectives. This study aimed to describe 15 cases of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (5 with o… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…173,176 Patients face a higher risk of drug induced movement disorders, worsening agitation, rhabdomyolysis, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, especially with medications with high affinity for the D2 dopamine receptor, such as haloperidol. 177 If required, atypical antipsychotics are preferred. 172,178 Options are detailed in Table 5 including strategies to target sleep disturbance.…”
Section: Seizure Managementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…173,176 Patients face a higher risk of drug induced movement disorders, worsening agitation, rhabdomyolysis, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, especially with medications with high affinity for the D2 dopamine receptor, such as haloperidol. 177 If required, atypical antipsychotics are preferred. 172,178 Options are detailed in Table 5 including strategies to target sleep disturbance.…”
Section: Seizure Managementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a recent case series of both adult and pediatric patients, more than half of them developed one or more of the following: tonic–clonic seizures (79%), focal seizures (74%), focal seizures without impaired awareness (55%), focal seizures with impaired awareness (42%), status epilepticus (35%), and refractory status epilepticus (21%) [ 5 ]. Specifically, fever, seizure, mental and behavioral disorders, and decreased consciousness are most frequently observed in NMDARe patients with an underlying teratoma, whereas neuropsychiatric symptoms and headache have been predominantly described in patients without teratoma [ 21 ]. Several patients may present with a prodromal headache or a viral-like infection state [ 4 , 6 ].…”
Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to a recent review of the literature, the majority of patients with (150/155) who underwent surgical intervention had a favorable disease course [ 55 ]. Laparoscopic teratoma removal is widely performed on patients with NMDARe [ 21 ]. Encephalitis with no associated tumor and adolescent onset are considered the two most important risk factors for relapse, which is commonly observed in 15–24% of patients, even after several years [ 56 ].…”
Section: Treatmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The presence of nervous tissues in ovarian teratomas may play a role in the pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The resection of teratomas is beneficial for the relief of symptoms in patients ( 44 ). The controversy surrounding the role of anti-NMDAR antibodies and the impact of the peripheral immune system on anti-NMDAR encephalitis is a topic that requires further investigation.…”
Section: Anti-nmdar Encephalitis and Nmda Receptorsmentioning
confidence: 99%