Anti-Obesity Effect of a Tea Mixture Nano-Formulation on Rats Occurs via the Upregulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Sirtuin-1/Glucose Transporter Type 4 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Pathways

Abstract

White, green, and oolong teas are produced from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) and are reported to have anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects. The current study aims to investigate the anti-obesity effects of a tea mixture nano-formulation by targeting the AMPK/Sirt-1/GLUT-4 axis in rats. In vitro lipase and α-amylase inhibition assays were used to determine the active sample, which was then incorporated into a nanoparticle formulation subjected to in vivo anti-obesity testing in rats by measuring the expression level of different genes implicated in adipogenesis and inflammation using qRT-PCR. Moreover, metabolomic analysis was performed for each tea extract using LC/ESI MS/MS coupled to chemometrics in an attempt to find a correlation between the constituents of the extracts and their biological activity. The in vitro pancreatic lipase and α-amylase inhibition assays demonstrated more effective activity in the tea mixture than the standards, orlistat and acarbose, respectively, and each tea alone. Thus, the herbal tea mixture and its nanoparticle formulation were evaluated for their in vivo anti-obesity activity. Intriguingly, the tea mixture significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose and triglycerides and increased the mRNA expression of GLUT-4, P-AMPK, Sirt-1, and PPAR-γ, which induce lipolysis while also decreasing the mRNA expression of TNF-α and ADD1/SREBP-1c, thereby inhibiting the inflammation associated with obesity. Our study suggests that the tea mixture nano-formulation is a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and may also be beneficial in other metabolic disorders by targeting the AMPK/Sirt-1/Glut-4 pathway.

METFORMIN MITIGATES SEPSIS-ASSOCIATED PULMONARY FIBROSIS BY PROMOTING AMPK ACTIVATION AND INHIBITING HIF-1α–INDUCED AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS

“…Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis injury (12). Wang et al (37) reported that phosphorylation of AMPK alleviated mitochondrial damage in renal tissue and ameliorated septic acute kidney injury.…”

“…Moreover, the genomic profile of the host response indicates that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays a pivotal role in aerobic glycolysis during sepsis (11). Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)–activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial metabolic sensor that controls cellular energy balance (12). In a prior investigation, it was established that AMPK mitigates the inflammatory response in arthritis by modulating HIF-1α in macrophages (13).…”

The Potential Efficacy of Artemisia Anuua L. Extract Nanoparticles in Mitigating Obesity-Related-Metabolic Complications in Hypercaloric Diet-Fed Rats

“…The preparation of artemisia extract nanoparticles (AAEN) was conducted by the sonochemical technique utilizing an ultrasonic prop device (Hielscher model, up 400s; Teltow, Germany), according to [15].…”