Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Talinum triangulare Methanol Leaf Extract on Cadmium-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

Objective Oxidative stress results in neuronal degeneration leading to cognitive decline. Microglia in brain tissue produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which modulate synaptic communication between neurons. ROS can lead to neuroinflammation, which can cause neurodegeneration and memory loss. Talinum triangulare was investigated for its cognitive, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials in male wistar rats. Materials and methods 25 adult female rats weighing between 150 g–200 g were grouped (n = 5) into Group 1 (control group) received 1 mL/kg of distilled water, group 2–5 were administered with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg T. triangulare methanol extract and 2.5 mg/kg donepezil, 100 mg/kg cadmium respectively via oral gavage. The administration lasted for 21 days and neurobehavioural parameters, biochemical and histological analysis of the hippocampus were evaluated. The assessment of spatial learning and memory was evaluated using Classic labyrinth task. Results There was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced escape time latency and increased time latency in the probe trial in Morris water maze; and reduced time latency in the labyrinth by T. triangulare methanol extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) compared with the control and cadmium treated groups. T. triangulare methanol extract and donepezil significantly (p < 0.05) reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities and significantly (p < 0.05) increased gluthathione peroxidase activity (GPx) and catalase (CAT) respectively. Conclusion These findings revealed that T. triangulare methanol extract enhanced cognitive function and exhibited anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials.