Anti-Pentatrichomonas hominis activity of newly synthesized benzimidazole derivatives — in vitro studies

Abstract

Pentatrichomonas hominis, a parasitic protozoan often detected in human diarrheic stools, is the cause of severe morbidity in newborns and children, particularly in tropical zones. The flagellate is resistant to many disinfectants and anti-protozoan drugs. Therefore in this study we have synthesized three novel 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole (TBBI) derivatives carrying a polyfluoroalkyl substituent in position 2 of the benzimidazole scaffold, namely 2-trifluoromethyl-TBBI (CF 3 -TBBI), 2-nonafluorobutyl-TBBI (C 4 F 9 -TBBI), and 2-nonadecafluorononyl-TBBI (C 9 F 19 -TBBI), that next we tested for their in vitro activity against P. hominis. Widely applied anti-protozoal drug, metronidazole as a reference was used. All the investigated agents were added to 24 h P. hominis cultures; each of them was administered at three different concentrations. Number of the moving trichomonads was determined and compared with the control cultures. Different anti-trichomonal activity occurred depending on a kind of compound and its concentration. C 4 F 9 -TBBI was the most effective TBBI derivative tested: the agent, at the highest concentration 24.2 µg/ml, after 72 h reduced the number of viable trichomonads to 44.3%; C 9 F 19 -TBBI, at the concentration 24 µg/ml reduced the number of the flagellates to 58.5%. Paradoxically, metronidazole after the same time given at the highest concentration increased trophozoite counts by 464.6% in comparison with the control cultures (100%).

Novel Formula of Antiprotozoal Mixtures

“…Euglena was cultivated in solution according to Wu [ 73 ]. Pentatrichomonas hominis was isolated from stool samples and kept in Pahm solution according to Chomicz et al [ 74 ]…”

4-[1-(Substituted aryl/alkyl carbonyl)-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-benzenesulfonic acids: Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, QSAR studies, and antiviral evaluation

“…The appearance of C]O stretch in the range of 1630e1600 cm À1 indicated the formation of tertiary amides (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) by the reaction of acid chlorides with the 4-(1H-benzoimidazol-2yl)-benzenesulfonic acid. The primary amino group in compound 1 is depicted by the presence of NH asymmetric stretch at 3481.81 cm À1 .…”

“…Furthermore, the topological parameter, Balaban index (J) followed by the electronic parameter, LUMO and topological parameter, valence second order molecular connectivity index ( 2 c v ) is describing the antimicrobial activity of 4-[1-(substituted aryl/alkyl carbonyl)-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-benzenesulfonic acids (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Pentatrichomonas hominis and other intestinal parasites in school-aged children: Clinical and coproscopic survey

“…The prevalence of P. hominis among dogs and cats with diarrhea was higher than those without diarrhea Bastos et al 2018). In rats, the pathogenicity of P.hominis was reported after splenectomy or immunosuppression (Chomicz et al 2009) .…”

“…In human, P.hominis was previously reported and it may be linked to gastrointestinal disturbances and irritable bowel syndrome (Cheng-Rong et al 1990; Meloni et al 2011). Chronic P.hominis infection in children can cause nutritional problems (Chomicz et al 2009). It may be also associated with cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (Zhang et al 2019).…”