Anti‐phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 antibody in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Kanno, Yukiko; Watanabe, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Atsushi; Abe, Kazumichi; Ohira, Hiromasa

doi:10.1111/hepr.12276

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Autoantibodies reacting with SLA/LP, smooth muscle f-actin, LC-1, ASGPR, chromatin, cyclic citrullinated peptide and uridine glucuronosyltranferase are indicators of severity and increased probability of progression [68]. New autoantibodies being assessed in AIH include those reacting with α-actinin, a ubiquitous cytoskeletal cross-linking protein within the family of filamentous actin (f-actin) [69]; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) [70]; ribosomal P [71]; nucleosome [72]; programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) [73]; and interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) [74]. Their diagnostic roles have not been determined.…”

Section: Autoantibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune hepatitis

Sahebjam

Vierling

2015

Front. Med.

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Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease putatively caused by loss of tolerance to hepatocyte-specific autoantigens. It is characterized by female predilection, elevated aminotransferase levels, autoantibodies, increased γ-globulin or IgG levels and biopsy evidence of interface hepatitis. It is currently divided into types 1 and 2, based on expression of autoantibodies. Autoantigenic epitopes have been identified only for the less frequent type 2. Although autoimmune hepatitis occurs in childhood, this review focuses on disease in adults. In the absence of pathognomonic biomarkers, diagnosis requires consideration of clinical, biochemical, serological and histological features, which have been codified into validated diagnostic scoring systems. Since many features also occur in other chronic liver diseases, these scoring systems aid evaluation of the differential diagnosis. New practice guidelines have redefined criteria for remission to include complete biochemical and histological normalization on immunosuppressive therapy. Immunosuppression is most often successful using prednisone or prednisolone and azathioprine; however, the combination of budesonide and azathioprine for non-cirrhotic patients offers distinct advantages. Patients failing standard immunosuppression are candidates for alternative immunosuppressive regimens, yet none of the options has been studied in a randomized, controlled trial. Overlap syndromes with either primary sclerosing cholangitis or primary biliary cirrhosis occur in a minority. Liver transplantation represents a life-saving option for patients presenting with acute liver failure, severely decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplant recipients are at risk for recurrent autoimmune hepatitis in the allograft, and de novo disease may occur in patients transplanted for other indications. Patients transplanted for AIH are also at risk for recurrent or de novo inflammatory bowel disease. Progress in our understanding of the immunopathogenesis should lead to identification of specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Autoantibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune hepatitis

Sahebjam

Vierling

2015

Front. Med.

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“…The weight of available evidence favors use of calcineurin inhibition with CSA or TAC, but only by clinicians experienced with these Abbreviations: ANA, antinuclear antibody; SMA, anti-smooth muscle antibody; AMA, antimitochondrial antibodies; LKM-1, anti-liver-kidney microsome-1 antibody; LKM-3, anti-liverkidney microsome-3 antibody; LC-1, anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibody; LM, liver microsomal antibodies; APECED, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy; SLA, antisoluble liver antigen; pANCA, perinuclear neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; ASGPR, antiasialoglycoprotein receptor antibody; UDP, uridine diphosphate; UGT, uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase; tRNA, transfer RNA; DILI, drug-induced liver injury; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HDV, hepatitis C virus; PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. New autoantigens being investigated in AIH include α-actinin, an ubiquitous cytoskeletal cross-linking protein within the family of filamentous actin (f-actin) 218 ; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) 219 ; ribosomal P 220 ; nucleosome 221 ; programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) 222 ; and interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) 223 .…”

Section: Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Hepatitis and Overlap Syndromes: Diagnosis and Management

Vierling

2015

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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“…The utility of several autoantibodies, including antiprogrammed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies and antiphosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK-2), has been reported in Japan (66)(67)(68). Serum anti-PD-1 antibodies show high specificity for AIH and have been reported to be useful for differentiating AIH from drug-induced liver injury (69).…”

Section: ) Autoantibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Hepatitis: Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis and New Diagnostic Guidelines in Japan

et al. 2015

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is thought to be associated with various genetic and immunological abnormalities. Concerning the pathogenesis of AIH, increasing attention has been paid to genome-wide association studies, toll-like receptors and Treg/Th17 balance. For Japanese patients with AIH, novel diagnostic guidelines have been proposed in view of the differential clinical features between Japanese and Caucasian patients. However, the diagnosis of some patients in acute hepatitis phase is not easy. Histologically, centrilobular necrosis without portal inflammation is particularly characteristic in the acute hepatitis phase. Some patients become resistant to steroid therapy and have a very poor prognosis once they progress to acute hepatic failure. Therefore, additional revision of the current diagnostic criteria, including severity grading, will be needed in the future.

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Anti‐phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 antibody in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Abstract: Although further investigations into the clinical usefulness are necessary, anti-PCK2 may have potential as a diagnostic marker for AIH.

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmune Hepatitis and Overlap Syndromes: Diagnosis and Management

Autoimmune Hepatitis: Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis and New Diagnostic Guidelines in Japan

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