Anti-Pigmentary Natural Compounds and Their Mode of Action

Kim, Kyuri; Huh, Yoonjung; Lim, Kyung Min

doi:10.3390/ijms22126206

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…New therapies focusing on the multiple causes of hyperpigmentation, such as histamine synthesis, oestrogen upregulation, melanosome transfer and ROS generation, are being studied for the treatment of melasma since the targeting of melanin synthesis alone is not effective enough. Natural agents with a multimodal mechanism of action are being investigated due to their better safety profile compared to conventional drugs [80,81].…”

Section: Future Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanogenesis and Melasma Treatment

Maddaleno

Camargo²,

Mitjans

et al. 2021

Cosmetics

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Melanocytes are highly specialised dendritic cells that transfer melanin to keratinocytes in subcellular lysosome-like organelles called melanosomes, where melanin is synthesised and stored. Melanin is a complex pigment that provides colour and photoprotection to the skin, hair, and eyes of mammals. The regulation of melanogenesis includes various mechanisms and factors including genetic, environmental, and endocrine factors. Knowledge of the pigmentation process is important not only to understand hyperpigmentation but also to design treatments and therapies to treat them. Whitening cosmetics with anti-melanogenesis activity are very popular. In the present manuscript, we review the mechanisms and the signalling pathways involved in skin pigmentation and we specifically focus on the alteration of melanogenesis that leads to melasma and results in hyperpigmentation. Finally, current therapies and treatments including topical, oral, and phototherapies are discussed and described, with a special emphasis on the cosmetics’ action.

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Section: Future Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanogenesis and Melasma Treatment

Maddaleno

Camargo²,

Mitjans

et al. 2021

Cosmetics

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“…Melanin is stored within melanocytes in subcellular lysosomal-like organelles called melanosomes, which are then transferred to the surrounding keratinocytes. 4,5 In mammals such as humans, melanin is present in two basic forms: brown to black eumelanin and yellow to red peomelanin. The synthesis of these melanin forms is directly controlled by three enzymes: tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysoeriol Enhances Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells Through the Modulation of the MAPK, AKT, PKA, and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways

Hyun

2022

Natural Product Communications

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Chrysoeriol is a 3′-O-methoxy flavone, chemically a derivative of luteolin, which is commonly found across the plant kingdom. Chrysoeriol is of great scientific interest because of its promising anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidative, anti-lipase, anti-xanthin oxidase, and antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens; however, its effects on melanogenesis have not yet been elucidated. Here, we report a novel effect of chrysoeriol on melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Chrysoeriol treatment significantly increased the expression of the melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase (TRY), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2 and upregulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, chrysoeriol suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, chrysoeriol treatment increased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, β-catenin, and protein kinase A (PKA) and decreased the production of β-catenin, which is involved in the transcriptional activation of MITF in melanogenesis. Finally, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of chrysoeriol and its derivatives, including luteolin and apigenin, with regard to their melanin inhibitory activity was also investigated; we identified the significance of the 4′-OH group and C-3′ methoxylation in melanogenesis. Together, these findings indicate that chrysoeriol promotes melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by upregulating the expression of melanogenic enzymes through the MAPK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, PKA, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways; thus, chrysoeriol may be used as a cosmetic ingredient to promote melanogenesis or as a therapeutic agent against hypopigmentation disorders.

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“…It can inhibit melanogenesis through the degradation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) by activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Consequently, MITF degradation suppressed the expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP-1 and TRP-2) genes in SK-MEL-2 cells [9,10]. ISL can inhibit the mono-and diphenolase activities of mushroom TYR as well as the melanogenesis in melanocytes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Activities of Heat-Treated Licorice (Wongam, Glycyrrhiza glabra × G. uralensis) Extract

Kang

Jang

et al. 2021

CIMB

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Melanin is a brown or black pigment that protects skin from ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, overproduction of melanin is associated with lentigines, melasma, freckles and skin cancer. Licorice has shown antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities and is used as a natural treatment for skin whitening. We aimed to confirm the potential of Wongam, a new cultivar of licorice developed by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), as a whitening agent in cosmetics. In addition, we verified the effect of heat treatment on the bioactivity of licorice by comparing antioxidant and anti-melanogenic activities of licorice extract before and after heating (130 °C). The heat-treated licorice extract (WH-130) showed higher radical-scavenging activities in the ABTS+ (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays. In addition, WH-130 inhibited melanogenesis more effectively due to downregulation of tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells than non-heated licorice extract. Moreover, heat treatment increased total phenolic content. In particular, isoliquiritigenin, an antioxidant and anti-melanogenic compound of licorice, was produced by heat treatment. In conclusion, WH-130, with increased levels of bioactive phenolics such as isoliquiritigenin, has potential for development into a novel skin whitening material with applications in cosmetics.

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Anti-Pigmentary Natural Compounds and Their Mode of Action

Cited by 28 publications

References 64 publications

Melanogenesis and Melasma Treatment

Melanogenesis and Melasma Treatment

Chrysoeriol Enhances Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells Through the Modulation of the MAPK, AKT, PKA, and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways

Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Activities of Heat-Treated Licorice (Wongam, Glycyrrhiza glabra × G. uralensis) Extract

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