Anti‐predator behaviour of baboons and impalas toward a cheetah

Baenninger, Ronald; Estes, Richard; Baldwin, Samuel Prentiss

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1977.tb00414.x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This might be particularly important during the wet season, when the grass is high and predators may be more difficult to detect [67] . In fact, impalas have been observed to actively seek the proximity of baboons when faced with immediate predation pressure from a cheetah [76] . Several species also actively facilitate food for each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Patterns of Mixed Species Groups in Large East African Mammals

et al. 2014

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Mixed mammal species groups are common in East African savannah ecosystems. Yet, it is largely unknown if co-occurrences of large mammals result from random processes or social preferences and if interspecific associations are consistent across ecosystems and seasons. Because species may exchange important information and services, understanding patterns and drivers of heterospecific interactions is crucial for advancing animal and community ecology. We recorded 5403 single and multi-species clusters in the Serengeti-Ngorongoro and Tarangire-Manyara ecosystems during dry and wet seasons and used social network analyses to detect patterns of species associations. We found statistically significant associations between multiple species and association patterns differed spatially and seasonally. Consistently, wildebeest and zebras preferred being associated with other species, whereas carnivores, African elephants, Maasai giraffes and Kirk's dik-diks avoided being in mixed groups. During the dry season, we found that the betweenness (a measure of importance in the flow of information or disease) of species did not differ from a random expectation based on species abundance. In contrast, in the wet season, we found that these patterns were not simply explained by variations in abundances, suggesting that heterospecific associations were actively formed. These seasonal differences in observed patterns suggest that interspecific associations may be driven by resource overlap when resources are limited and by resource partitioning or anti-predator advantages when resources are abundant. We discuss potential mechanisms that could drive seasonal variation in the cost-benefit tradeoffs that underpin the formation of mixed-species groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the effect of mixed grouping patterns on predation risk may be situational. Whereas impala-baboon associations may reduce the predation risk for impalas in specific circumstances [76] , baboons prey on young impala [28] and thus, being associated with baboons could be very costly for impalas during the calving season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Patterns of Mixed Species Groups in Large East African Mammals

et al. 2014

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“…All previous studies on Central African duiker species report freezing behavior as an important predator avoidance strategy (Lahm 1993b, Caro et al 2004). In contrast, instead of trying to escape or hide, primates have been reported to sometimes approach or even mob a potential predator (Baenninger et al 1977, Zuberbühler et al 1997, Bshary 2001). This behavior is suggested to function as an important pursuit‐deterrence strategy, especially for those predators that stealthily stalk or ambush their prey (Zuberbühler & Jenny 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of Hunting on Antipredator Behavior in Central African Monkeys and Duikers

et al. 2006

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Many animals can adjust their behavioral strategies to reduce predation risk. We investigated whether rain forest monkeys and duikers alter their antipredatory behavior in response to hunting by humans in southwestern Gabon. We compared monkey and duiker responses to human observers in an area where hunting is prohibited, to those in a nearby area where hunting pressure is moderate but spatially variable. The results of our study indicate that monkeys become more secretive when hunted, commencing alarm calls only when at a certain distance (typically > 50 m) from humans. We found no difference in monkey group size between hunted and no-hunting areas. In no-hunting areas, duikers often freeze in response to approaching observers, but in hunted areas they abandon this strategy and rapidly flee from humans. Duikers also whistle more often in areas where they are hunted frequently. Our findings have at least two important implications. First, behavioral observations of monkeys and duikers may be useful in gauging local hunting intensity in African rain forests. Second, duiker densities are likely to be overestimated in hunted areas, where they more readily flee and whistle, and underestimated in no-hunting areas, where they rely on freezing behavior to avoid detection. Because behavioral adaptations to hunting vary both among species and localities, these differences should be considered when attempting to derive population-density estimates for forest wildlife.Abstract in Spanish is available at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/btp.

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“…There is no evidence that hominins regularly fell prey to cheetahs given the size, specialized hunting behavior and timidity of the latter (e.g., Baeninger et al, 1977). The wolf-sized (45 kg) Lycaon of Pliocene Africa are reconstructed as hypercarnivores-like extant Lycaon and wolves (Canis lupus)-that defleshed carcasses and, when undisturbed, cracked bones (Table 17.1).…”

Section: Fossil Anatomy Isotope Frequencies and Composition Of Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds

2006

Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects

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This peer-reviewed book series melds the facts of organic diversity with the continuity of the evolutionary process. The volumes in this series exemplify the diversity of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches currently employed by primatologists and physical anthropologists. Specific coverage includes: primate behavior in natural habitats and captive settings; primate ecology and conservation; functional morphology and developmental biology of primates; primate systematics; genetic and phenotypic differences among living primates; and paleoprimatology. ANTHROPOID ORIGINS: NEW VISIONSEdited

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Anti‐predator behaviour of baboons and impalas toward a cheetah

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Seasonal Patterns of Mixed Species Groups in Large East African Mammals

Seasonal Patterns of Mixed Species Groups in Large East African Mammals

The Influence of Hunting on Antipredator Behavior in Central African Monkeys and Duikers

Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds

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