Anti radical and antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extract bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus (Guill. Et Perr) from Chad

Abstract

Introduction: Oxidative stress and bacterial infections are a public health problem in Chad. To reduce these problems, plant-based medicines were used to improve the development of traditionally drugs for infection treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiradical and antibacterial activities from ethanolic extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus. Material and Methods: In this study we used a stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus who used by different traditional practitioners in Chad for urinary infections treatment and diarrheal diseases caused by different types of bacteria (S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhi). Also the antiradical activity was evaluated by the method of DPPH colorimetric and the antibacterial activity by the method of disk diffusion. A phytochemical study was carried out to link the structure to the activity. Results: Our result showed a rate of 13.2% of ethanolic extract. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponosides, alkaloids, sterols, terpenoids and anthocyanins. Also the ethanolic extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus revealed an antiradical activity by the decolorization of DPPH from an initial purple color to yellow. This extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli at the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 1.25 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Our result showed that the ethanolic extract bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus could be a potential provider of secondary metabolites with antiradical and antibacterial activities, allowing the development of a new molecules to fight against oxidative stress, cardiovascular diseases, and microbial infections.