Anti-rheumatoid Arthritis Effect of Kaejadan via Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activityin vivoandin vitro

Abstract

Although Kaejadan (KJD), an herbal cocktail of three medicinal plants (Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Cinnamomum loureirii, and Salvia miltiorrhiza), has been traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, its scientific evidence is not fully understood. Hence, we investigated antiinflammatory and analgesic mechanism of KJD in vivo and in vitro. Kaejadan suppressed the number of writhing responses in mice treated by acetic acid and showed antinociceptive effect by tail-flick test. Kaejadan abrogated serotonin or carrageenan or Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced paw edema and also reduced the level of Evans Blue for vascular permeability. Furthermore, KJD effectively reduced the positive responses for C-reactive protein and rheumatoid arthritis test in FCA-treated rats. Of note, KJD inhibited the level of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde and enhanced the level of superoxide dismutase in the hepatic tissues of FCA-treated rats. Additionally, KJD abrogated the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ-exposed RAW 264.7 cells. Also, KJD reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 or inducible nitric oxide synthase at protein and mRNA levels in IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharide-exposed RAW 264.7 cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate that KJD exerts antiinflammatory and analgesic effects via enhancement of antioxidant activity and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Role of p120 Catenin in Epac1-Induced Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Rats

“…Epac1 was a proinflammatory factor [25], which was associated with acute inflammatory pain turning into chronic inflammatory pain through ERK [26], and it could be used as a target for the treatment of chronic pain [10]. The low expression of p120 contributed to high permeability of vascular endothelium [27, 28], and endothelial hyperpermeability induced pain [29]. In this experiment, the expression of Epac1 increased significantly (Figure 3) in the SMIR group, which was localized to macrophages without localization of endothelial cells (Figure 4(a)).…”

Ajudecumin A fromAjuga ovalifoliavar.calanthaexhibits anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophages and animal models of acute inflammation

“…Furthermore, the carrageenan-and xylene-induced acute inflammatory response is mainly characterized by the exudation of fluid and plasma proteins with a high degree of reproducibility (Vazquez et al 2015). Thus, these two models are considered suitable for evaluating the effects of anti-inflammatory agents (Yoon et al 2017;Chen et al 2017a). As depicted in Figure 6(A), treatment with ajudecumin A at 10 mg/kg or dexamethasone at 0.25 mg/kg for 5 days significantly ameliorated carrageenan-induced acute paw edema in mice by about 28% and 63% when compared with vehicle control (p < 0.05-0.01), respectively.…”

Biosynthesis of bioactive ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza and advanced biotechnologies for their production

“…Both TA-IIA and SAB exist in the form of injections to treat cardiovascular diseases and both have shown excellent clinical effects. The potential pharmacological activities and applications of TA-IIA, SAB and other tanshinones and salvianolic acids are still under investigation, such as anti-diabetic [7], anti-inflammatory [8], anti-cancer [9], anti-rheumatoid [10] and anti-senile dementia activities [11]. At present, danshen radices are the only sources for preparation of tanshinones and salvianolic acids.…”