Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies are Frequent in Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) have been described in many autoimmune diseases in which there is an increased intestinal permeability. Also in type 1 diabetes (T1D), there is an increased intestinal permeability. Since no data are available about ASCA in T1D, we evaluated, retrospectively, the frequency of ASCA in this disease. ASCA, IgG, and IgA, were determined by ELISA in sera of 224 T1D patients in which coeliac disease has been excluded and 157 healthy control group. The frequency of ASCA (IgG or IgA) was significantly higher in T1D patients than in the control group (24.5% vs. 2.5%, p < 10(-7)). The same observation was found in children and in adult patients when we compare them to healthy children and blood donors group respectively. Compared to children, adult patients with T1D showed significantly higher frequencies of ASCA of any isotype (38% vs. 13.7%, p < 10(-4)), both ASCA IgG and IgA (12% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.002), ASCA IgG (35% vs. 9.8%, p < 10(-5)) and ASCA IgA (15% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.001). The frequency of ASCA was statistically higher in females of all T1D than in males (30.8% vs.17.7%, p = 0.03), in girls than in boys (22% vs.6.2%, p = 0.017), and significantly higher in men than in boys (35.7% vs. 6.2%, p < 10(-4)). The frequency of ASCA IgG was significantly higher than that of ASCA IgA in all T1D patients (21% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.002), in all females (26.5% vs. 10.2%, p < 0.002), in women (37.9% vs. 12%, p < 0.001). The frequency of ASCA was significantly higher in all long-term T1D than in an inaugural T1D (29% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.019). The same observation was found in adults (45.8% vs. 17.8%, p = 0.01). In long-term T1D patients, ASCA were significantly more frequent in adults than children (45.8% vs. 14.5%, p < 10(-4)). The frequency of ASCA IgG was significantly higher in long-term T1D than in an inaugural T1D (25.2% vs. 11.6%, p = 0.03). Patients with T1D had a high frequency of ASCA.

Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) are associated with body fat mass and systemic inflammation, but not with dietary yeast consumption: a cross-sectional study

“…Information regarding certain autoimmune conditions was also lacking. In the present study, the 95% CI for the proportion of IgG positive samples ranged between 16% and 30%, which is comparable to the frequency of IgG positivity found in diseases of autoimmune origin, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus [27], systemic lupus erythematosus [28] and microscopic colitis [29], but lower than in Crohn’s disease [30]. No significant association was however detected between ASCA and disorders such as hypothyroidism or diabetes (the majority of the diabetic patients had type II diabetes).…”

“…Moreover, high concentrations of ASCA have been found in Crohn’s disease [23, 24] and other diseases associated with increased gut permeability, such as celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus [25–27]. A “leaky gut”, with increased translocation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (or related antigens) could thus be one potential explanation for the increased ASCA IgG concentrations and their association with CRP.…”

“…The lack of a normal weight control group represents a limitation with respect to reference values for ASCA, but based on the aforementioned studies [27–30], the frequency of IgG positivity in our study was higher than what would be expected in healthy control subjects, in whom the reported prevalence ranged between 0 and 5.0% [27–30]. This is also in accordance with the previous publication of ASCA and obesity by Salamati et al, in which none of the normal weight controls were ASCA positive [1].…”

High Frequency of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

“…S. cerevisiae could be considered as an environment factor to many autoimmune diseases. Indeed, we demonstrated a high frequency of anti-S. cerevisiae antibodies in many autoimmune diseases (8,18,(29)(30)(31).…”

Anti Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies in Patients With Anti‐β2 Glycoprotein I Antibodies

“…It has also been shown that ASCA had a high predictive value for inflammatory bowel disease (5). Additionally, elevated levels of ASCA had been found in patients with Behcet's disease (6), spondyloarthritis (7), coeliac disease (8,9), intestinal tuberculosis (10), primary biliary cirrhosis (11,12), autoimmune hepatitis (13), type 1 diabetes (14), and autoimmune thyroid disease (15,16).…”