Anti-Social Behaviors Associated with Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use among Male Adolescents

Hallgren, Mats; Pope, Harrison G.; Kanayama, Gen; Hudson, James I.; Lundin, Andreas; Källmén, Håkan

doi:10.1159/000433580

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This may be validated by anabolic androgenic steroids being rated more harmful than the Class A substances ecstasy, LSD, buprenorphine and certain mushrooms (Nutt, King, & Phillips, ). Whilst this was almost entirely due to the harm posed to the user, the potential for social harm has been increasingly recognised through connections to binge drinking, use of psychoactive drugs (Darke, Torok, & Duflou, ; Hakansson, Mickelsson, Wallin, & Berglund, ; Ip et al, ; Leifman, Rehnman, Sjöblom, & Holgersson, ; Lood et al, ; Lundholm, Frisell, Lichtenstein, & Långström, ), spread of blood‐borne viruses (BBVs; Hope et al, ), violence (Darke et al, ; Lundholm et al, ) and criminal, aggressive and antisocial behaviour (Hallgren et al, ).…”

Section: Anabolic Androgenic Steroids In the United Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in the United Kingdom: An update

Mullen

Whalley

Schifano

et al. 2020

British J Pharmacology

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are prescribed for medical conditions related to low testosterone. Abuse of AASs has surged as they become recognised as potent image enhancement drugs. The primary goal of most abusers is to obtain a more attractive outward appearance. Abuse is complex. There are a vast range of AAS substances illegally available, the nature of their true composition is difficult to evaluate.Users follow dosing patterns which incorporate a number of different AASs, in addition to other pharmaceutical substances believed to complement the desired physical effects or manage unwanted effects. Animal work and medical case reports suggest potential to cause serious hepatotoxicity, plus possible neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and damage to the cardiovascular and reproductive systems. As the long-term AASs users reach maturity, further controlled experimentation, with larger sample sizes, is required. Data gathering should be directed towards the most vulnerable group of AAS users, females and adolescent boys.

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Section: Anabolic Androgenic Steroids In the United Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in the United Kingdom: An update

Mullen

Whalley

Schifano

et al. 2020

British J Pharmacology

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“…The authors found that early onset use was associated with more hostility, but not other types of aggression when compared with users who started using after the age of twenty-two. The prevalence of antisocial behaviours including the bullying of peers was highest amongst AAS users when compared to non-AAS users (Hallgren et al 2015). This study also noted a higher proportion of AAS users engaged in criminal activities such as theft, using weapons and rape.…”

Section: Behavioural and Psychological Impact Of Using Anabolic-andromentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Work Implications of Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Use, Particularly Among Young People: A Literature Review

Harvey¹,

Parrish²

2019

Practice

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Non-prescribed Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid (AAS) use has increased during recent years. Often used "recreationally" and for aesthetic purposes, AAS are easily purchased over the internet and informally from gym-using peers. Social workers have a responsibility to support service users, to identify and manage risks and AAS use raises some noteworthy challenges to social work practice. This literature review aims to identify AAS-related knowledge social workers might require and consider its implications for social work practice. Although some of the evidence is inconclusive, particularly in relation to causal relationships between AAS use and behavioural change or polysubstance use implications, there are consequences that could cause significant short and long-term harm to physical and/or psychological health to young people. Social workers should consider the possibility that a young person may be vulnerable to using AAS without being fully aware of the risks, as this could result in harm reduction and enhanced outcomes among this easily overlooked population. While rarely addressed in the existing social work literature, the risks associated with AAS usage, particularly in young people, necessitate more awareness and attention from social work practitioners particularly in today's image conscious society.

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“…Sports participation, body image disorders, psychiatric disorders such as depression, and higher levels of aggression have all been posited as potential risk factors for androgen use [14, 15]. Numerous studies have also found that androgen use is associated with use of other performance- and image-enhancing drugs, as well as with classical drugs of abuse, although the causal pathways between androgen use and other drug use are not well delineated [2, 16, 17].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%