Anti-staphylococcal Activity of Injectable Nano Tigecycline/Chitosan-PRP Composite Hydrogel Using Drosophila melanogaster Model for Infectious Wounds

Abstract

Compared to the current treatment modalities, the use of an injectable hydrogel system, loaded with antibiotic encapsulated nanoparticles for the purpose of treating Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) chronic wound infections have several advantages. These include adhesiveness to infection site, reduced frequency of dressings, sustained drug release, inhibition of bacterial growth, and increased healing. In the present work tigecycline nanoparticles were loaded into chitosan-platelet-rich plasma (PRP) hydrogel. The tigecycline nanoparticles (95 ± 13 nm) were synthesized through ionic cross-linking method using chitosan, tripolyphosphate, and tigecycline and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The synthesized nanoparticles and activated PRP powder were mixed with chitosan hydrogel to form a homogeneous gel. Rheology studies have confirmed the shear thinning property, thermal stability, and injectability of the prepared gel systems. The gel system was further assessed for its drug release property and found that it was released in a sustained manner. Hemolysis and blood-clotting assays demonstrated that the gel system was neither a hemolysin nor a hamper to the clotting cascade. Cell viability results showed that these nanoparticles were cyto-compatible. The bioactivity of PRP loaded chitosan gel toward fibroblast cell line was studied using cell proliferation and migration assay. In vitro antibacterial studies revealed that the gel system inhibited bacterial growth to a great extent. The antibacterial activity was further analyzed using ex vivo porcine skin assay. In vivo anti-Staphylococcal activity of the prepared hydrogels was studied using a Drosophila melanogaster infection model. The tigecycline and tigecycline nanoparticle incorporated chitosan gel showed a significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Thus, the gel system is an effective medium for antibiotic delivery and can be applied on the infection sites to effectively forestall various skin infections caused by S. aureus.

Hydrogels based on chitosan in tissue regeneration: How do they work? A mini review

“…that the hydrogels made of chitosan, poly(ethylene glycol) and polyvinylpyrrolidone could work as antimicrobial and scar preventive dressings. Moreover, chitosan‐based hydrogels are regarded as carriers to deliver the therapeutic drugs topically, such as vancomycin, peptide Ser‐Ile‐Lys‐Val‐Ala‐Val, melatonin, tigecycline, bFGF, and honey bee . These drugs have at least one of following functions: (1) antibacterial; (2) anti‐inflammatory; (3) angiogenesis; and (4) the promotion of fibroblast proliferation, thus, facilitating to skin repair.…”

Therapeutic strategies for skin regeneration based on biomedical substitutes

“…Many types of cells are being administered via subcutaneous injection within different kinds of solutions composed of hyaluronic acid, PRP, collagen, chitosan, poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly( l ‐alanine), ECM or methylcellulose, among others . Moreover, cells can be applied mixed with injectable hydrogels that provide a scaffold for in situ tissue regrowth and regeneration, allowing surgeons to fill complex shapes with a minimal invasive procedure .…”

“…Many types of cells are being administered via subcutaneous injection within different kinds of solutions composed of hyaluronic acid, PRP, collagen, chitosan, poly(ethylene glycol)poly(L-alanine), ECM or methylcellulose, among others. 50,[55][56][57][58][59] Moreover, cells can be applied mixed with injectable hydrogels that provide a scaffold for in situ tissue regrowth and regeneration, allowing surgeons to fill complex shapes with a minimal invasive procedure. 60,61 Several biomaterials have been employed for developing injectable hydrogels to mimic the biological cues of native ECM, however, they cannot reproduce the complex functions of natural ECM.…”

Preparation of Antimicrobial Hyaluronic Acid/Quaternized Chitosan Hydrogels for the Promotion of Seawater-Immersion Wound Healing

“…Chitosan is a kind of natural polymer that has the characteristics of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity (Thattaruparambil et al, 2016;Liang et al, 2019a). It meets the requirements of environmental protection and has become one of the research hotspots in the development of natural antimicrobial agents (Sarhan et al, 2016).…”