Anti-tick microbiota vaccines: how can this actually work?

Wu-Chuang, Alejandra; Obregón, Dasiel; Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes; Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro

doi:10.1007/s11756-021-00818-6

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The results suggest that host Abs bind and kill Escherichia-Shigella bacteria in the tick microbiome, a conclusion supported by two evidences: (i) a negative correlation between the levels of both anti-E. coli IgM and IgG and the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in the tick microbiome and (ii) the binding of anti-E. coli IgM and IgG to E. coli ex vivo. Thus, anti-tick microbiota vaccines can be used to target specific taxa within the tick microbiota through host antibodies (59). We also showed that tick engorgement, microbiome bacterial diversity and microbial community structure can be disturbed by vaccination with E. coli highlighting the important role that keystone microbiota bacteria have in tick performance and microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Anti-Microbiota Vaccines Modulate the Tick Microbiome in a Taxon-Specific Manner

et al. 2021

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The lack of tools for the precise manipulation of the tick microbiome is currently a major limitation to achieve mechanistic insights into the tick microbiome. Anti-tick microbiota vaccines targeting keystone bacteria of the tick microbiota alter tick feeding, but their impact on the taxonomic and functional profiles of the tick microbiome has not been tested. In this study, we immunized a vertebrate host model (Mus musculus) with live bacteria vaccines targeting keystone (i.e., Escherichia-Shigella) or non-keystone (i.e., Leuconostoc) taxa of tick microbiota and tested the impact of bacterial-specific antibodies (Abs) on the structure and function of tick microbiota. We also investigated the effect of these anti-microbiota vaccines on mice gut microbiota composition. Our results showed that the tick microbiota of ticks fed on Escherichia coli-immunized mice had reduced Escherichia-Shigella abundance and lower species diversity compared to ticks fed on control mice immunized with a mock vaccine. Immunization against keystone bacteria restructured the hierarchy of nodes in co-occurrence networks and reduced the resistance of the bacterial network to taxa removal. High levels of E. coli-specific IgM and IgG were negatively correlated with the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in tick microbiota. These effects were not observed when Leuconostoc was targeted with vaccination against Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Prediction of functional pathways in the tick microbiome using PICRUSt2 revealed that E. coli vaccination reduced the abundance of lysine degradation pathway in tick microbiome, a result validated by qPCR. In contrast, the gut microbiome of immunized mice showed no significant alterations in the diversity, composition and abundance of bacterial taxa. Our results demonstrated that anti-tick microbiota vaccines are a safe, specific and an easy-to-use tool for manipulation of vector microbiome. These results guide interventions for the control of tick infestations and pathogen infection/transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Anti-tick microbiota vaccine can also be a powerful tool to evaluate the functional contribution of a specific taxon in tick microbiota on pathogen colonization and transmission. These results guide precise interventions for the control of tick infestations and pathogen infection/transmission (59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Anti-Microbiota Vaccines Modulate the Tick Microbiome in a Taxon-Specific Manner

et al. 2021

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“…There are no successful vaccines currently available for H. longicornis in cattle despite the isolation of several candidate antigens, including proteases, ferritins [73], and subolesin [74]. New technological advances in tick genomics, transcriptomics, and microbiome analysis offer the possibilities to target endosymbionts [75,76] or crucial genera in the gut microbiome of H. longicornis to reduce reproductive capability or to block the maturation and transmission of parasites [77,78]. Given that H. longicornis is parthenogenic, it is not known whether doxycycline or tetracycline targeting endosymbionts might compromise tick development and reproductive fitness [79].…”

Section: Vaccination Against H Longcornismentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to Integrated Parasite Management (IPM) for Theileria orientalis with an Emphasis on Immunity

Emery

2021

Pathogens

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Integrated parasite management (IPM) for pests, pathogens and parasites involves reducing or breaking transmission to reduce the impact of infection or infestation. For Theileria orientalis, the critical impact of infection is the first wave of parasitaemia from the virulent genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose, associated with the sequelae from the development of anaemia. Therefore, current control measures for T. orientalis advocate excluding the movement of naïve stock from non-endemic regions into infected areas and controlling the tick Haemaphysalislongicornis, the final host. In Australia, treatment of established infection is limited to supportive therapy. To update and expand these options, this review examines progress towards prevention and therapy for T. orientalis, which are key elements for inclusion in IPM measures to control this parasite.

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“…Despite recent advances in vector microbiota research, the lack of tools for the precise and selective manipulation of the vector microbiome is currently a major limitation to achieving mechanistic insights into pathogen-microbiome interactions [ 20 , 24 ]. Recently, our team introduced anti-microbiota vaccines [ 25 ] as an innovative approach to vector microbiome manipulation [ 26 ] and the development of novel pathogen transmission-blocking vaccines [ 27 ]. Host immunization with keystone taxa (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector microbiota manipulation by host antibodies: the forgotten strategy to develop transmission-blocking vaccines

et al. 2022

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Human and animal pathogens that are transmitted by arthropods are a global concern, particularly those vectored by ticks (e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi and tick-borne encephalitis virus) and mosquitoes (e.g. malaria and dengue virus). Breaking the circulation of pathogens in permanent foci by controlling vectors using acaricide-based approaches is threatened by the selection of acaricide resistance in vector populations, poor management practices and relaxing of control measures. Alternative strategies that can reduce vector populations and/or vector-mediated transmission are encouraged worldwide. In recent years, it has become clear that arthropod-associated microbiota are involved in many aspects of host physiology and vector competence, prompting research into vector microbiota manipulation. Here, we review how increased knowledge of microbial ecology and vector-host interactions is driving the emergence of new concepts and tools for vector and pathogen control. We focus on the immune functions of host antibodies taken in the blood meal as they can target pathogens and microbiota bacteria within hematophagous arthropods. Anti-microbiota vaccines are presented as a tool to manipulate the vector microbiota and interfere with the development of pathogens within their vectors. Since the importance of some bacterial taxa for colonization of vector-borne pathogens is well known, the disruption of the vector microbiota by host antibodies opens the possibility to develop novel transmission-blocking vaccines.

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Anti-tick microbiota vaccines: how can this actually work?

Cited by 22 publications

References 64 publications

Anti-Microbiota Vaccines Modulate the Tick Microbiome in a Taxon-Specific Manner

Anti-Microbiota Vaccines Modulate the Tick Microbiome in a Taxon-Specific Manner

Approaches to Integrated Parasite Management (IPM) for Theileria orientalis with an Emphasis on Immunity

Vector microbiota manipulation by host antibodies: the forgotten strategy to develop transmission-blocking vaccines

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