Anti‐Tubercular Insights of Carbolines – A Decade Critique

Abstract

Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide and is caused by the bacteria “Mycobacterium tuberculosis.” The medications used to treat tuberculosis have many deficiencies, including long‐term treatment, expensive medications, etc. The continuing emergence of multidrug resistance (MTR) remains a critical health issue that needs to be tackled urgently. Increased HIV/AIDS co‐infection with tuberculosis has also worsened the condition. Carbolines, nitrogen‐containing tricyclic Compounds have a significant role in medicinal chemistry because of their broad pharmacological properties, such as anti‐tubercular, anti‐bacterial, anti‐leishmanial, anti‐cancer, anti‐viral, etc. A brief description of the anti‐tubercular ability of a diverse set of carbolines collected from the past ten years focused on synthetic procedures, structural‐activity relationship studies, and their molecular mechanism of action was clearly described in the current review.

One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Carbazoles and β‐Carbolines via Diethyl Azodicarboxylate Mediated Dehydrogenative Aromatization in Deep Eutectic Solvent

“…β‐Carboline is another intriguing alkaloid (an indole‐based heterocyclic moiety/a fused [6‐5‐6] tricyclic system with a nitrogen in the five‐membered ring and a 1 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ c ] pyridine system) found in various pharmaceutical drugs and natural products [29] (Figure 2). Specifically, aromatic β‐carboline derivatives exhibit excellent biological properties, such as antitumor, [30] anti‐tubercular, [31] anti‐viral activities, [32] and anti‐malarial [33] . In addition, some β‐carboline derivatives can also inhibit acetylcholinesterase and human monoamine oxidase and useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease) [34] .…”

3-(1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl)-β-Carbolines and 3-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-β-Carbolines: Synthesis and Evaluation as Anticancer Agents

“…β-Carbolines are a class of indole-based natural and synthetic compounds bearing a 9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole scaffold, with a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-HIV [2][3][4], antibacterial [3][4][5], antimalarial [6,7], and anticancer [8,9], among others [10][11][12]. It is noteworthy to mention their anticancer activity, which has been extensively studied in recent years by several groups, with promising results [5,8,9,[13][14][15][16][17][18].…”