Anti-Tumor Activity of an Enzymatically Synthesized α-1,6 Branched α-1,4-Glucan, Glycogen

Ryoyama, Kazuo; Kidachi, Yumi; Yamaguchi, Hideaki; Kajiura, Hideki; Takata, Hitoshi

doi:10.1271/bbb.68.2332

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, orally administered ESG-A has a survival benefit for tumor-bearing mice. 4 We hypothesize that the macromolecule fraction after partial hydrolysis of ESG that reached the intestinal tract stimulated immunocompetent cells resulting in the health benefits. Investiga- (3), maltotetraose (4), maltopentaose (5), maltohexaose (6), and maltoheptaose (7).…”

Section: Dietary Fiber Contents Of Esg and Nsgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have been shown that orally administered ESG has a survival benefit for tumor-bearing mice. 4 Sasaki and his colleagues also suggested the anti-tumor effects of oyster extracts and sweet corn extracts which contain glycogen. 5,6 For application of glycogen in human health, better understanding of structural properties of glycogen should be important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine structural properties of natural and synthetic glycogens

Takata

Kajiura

Furuyashiki

et al. 2009

Carbohydrate Research

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Section: Dietary Fiber Contents Of Esg and Nsgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine structural properties of natural and synthetic glycogens

Takata

Kajiura

Furuyashiki

et al. 2009

Carbohydrate Research

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“…On the other hand, anticancer activity has also been reported for glycogens synthesized by enzymes, and it has been observed that glycogen induces NO production and TNF-a production in mouse macrophages, and prolongs survival in mouse models of carcinogenesis when orally administered [30]. Ryo et al [31] published an interesting report showing that enzyme-synthesized glycogens with molecular weights of about 5,000-6,500 K potently stimulate the immune system.…”

Section: Activation Of Macrophage Phagocytosis By Ia-a and Ia-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural analysis of glycogen-like polysaccharides having macrophage-activating activity in extracts of Lentinula edodes mycelia

et al. 2009

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An extract of Lentinula edodes mycelia (L.E.M.) was obtained with hot water after culturing in medium comprising bagasse and rice bran. It has been reported that L.E.M. exhibits physiological effects such as anticancer activity and immunoregulatory activity, and that such effects involve macrophage activation. We examined the active components in L.E.M. by fractionation using an anion exchange carrier and gel chromatography, and determined whether they stimulate production of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in RAW264.7 cells. We obtained 2 polysaccharide fractions, IA-a and IA-b, which potently stimulated cytokine production. We also confirmed that IA-a and IA-b significantly stimulate phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells. To determine the structures of these fractions, we performed sugar component analysis, methylation analysis, FT-IR, (13)C-NMR analysis, and molecular weight analysis. The results showed that the major component of IA-a is a 1,4-alpha-glucan exhibiting 1,6-branching and having a molecular weight of approximately 250,000. This branching structure suggests that IA-a has a glycogen-like structure. In addition, the major component of IA-b appears to be an arabinoxylan-like polysaccharide, mainly consisting of arabinose and xylose, with a molecular weight of approximately 8,500.

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“…Although both G-1-P and UDP-glucose are expensive for industrial applications, the former could be obtained from the inexpensive substrate sucrose by using sucrose phosphorylase (SP, EC 2.4.1.7) (SP-GP-BE method) (Ohdan et al 2006). Furthermore, we have demonstrated that ESG produced by the SP-GP-BE method has immunomodulating activity (Ryoyama et al 2004). However, the yield of glycogen from sucrose was less than 40%, and a more efficient method is required to meet the demand for glycogen for industrial applications.…”

Section: In Vitro Synthesis Of Glycogenmentioning

confidence: 96%

In vitro synthesis of glycogen: the structure, properties, and physiological function of enzymatically-synthesized glycogen

et al. 2011

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This review describes a new enzymatic method for in vitro glycogen synthesis and its structure and properties. In this method, short-chain amylose is used as the substrate for branching enzymes (BE, EC 2.4.1.18). Although a kidney bean BE and Bacillus cereus BE could not synthesize high-molecular weight glucan, BEs from 6 other bacterial sources produced enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG). The BE from Aquifex aeolicus was the most suitable for the production of glycogen with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 3,000-30,000 k. The molecular weight of the ESG is controllable by changing the concentration of the substrate amylose. Furthermore, the addition of amylomaltase (AM, EC 2.4.1.25) significantly enhanced the efficiency of this process, and the yield of ESG reached approximately 65%. Typical preparations of ESG obtained by this method were subjected to structural analyses. The average chain length, interior chain length, and exterior chain length of the ESGs were 8.2-11.6, 2.0-3.3, and 4.2-7.6, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and intrinsic viscosity measurement showed that the ESG molecules formed spherical particles. Unlike starch, the ESGs were barely degraded by pullulanase. Solutions of ESG were opalescent (milky-white and slightly bluish), and gave a reddishbrown color on the addition of iodine. These analyses revealed that ESG shares similar molecular shapes and solution properties with natural-source glycogen. Moreover, ESG had macrophage-stimulating activity and its activity depends on the molecular weight of ESG. We successfully achieved large scale production of ESG. ESG could lead to new industrial applications, such as in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical fields.

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Anti-Tumor Activity of an Enzymatically Synthesized α-1,6 Branched α-1,4-Glucan, Glycogen

Cited by 54 publications

References 20 publications

Fine structural properties of natural and synthetic glycogens

Fine structural properties of natural and synthetic glycogens

Structural analysis of glycogen-like polysaccharides having macrophage-activating activity in extracts of Lentinula edodes mycelia

In vitro synthesis of glycogen: the structure, properties, and physiological function of enzymatically-synthesized glycogen

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