Anti-tumor effect of vitamin A and D on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Inhibition of growth and increase of alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured human oral cancer cells by all-trans retinoic acid

“…The detailed anti-tumour mechanisms of ATRA and other retinoids are still unclear, although some of them have been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and enhance apoptosis 23 . In the present study, KB cell growth was inhibited by ATRA at concentrations of 1-16 mM in a dosedependent manner (Fig.…”

“…2). The fact that retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are high expressed in KB cells 23 suggests that the cell growth inhibitory effect of ATRA on KB could be by means of RARs. It is known that chemotherapeutic drugs act on the cell cycle of some types of tumour cell 5 .…”

A phase I/II trial of TAC-101, an oral synthetic retinoid, in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Through its binding to RAR , TAC-101 interferes with the binding of AP-1 to DNA, and inhibits production of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). In several studies, TAC-101 has shown inhibition of tumor growth and hepatic metastases in several cancers including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and lung cancer and inhibits angiogenesis via down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein in a colon cancer model (Hashimoto et al 1996;Murakami et al 1998a, b;Oikawa 1998;Fujimoto et al 1999;Miyaguchi et al 2001;Oikawa et al 2001;Rizvi et al 2002;Lee et al 2003;Miyagawa et al 2003;Sano et al 2003;Satake et al 2003;Yoshimura et al 2003;Minagawa et al 2004;Shudo et al 2004;Suzuki et al 2004;Sako et al 2005). In a gastric cancer animal model, TAC-101 was shown to decrease cellinduced angiogenesis (decreased microvessel density and new blood vessel formation).…”

Vitamin D3 and Its Role in the Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Within HNSCC cell-lines, treatment with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 resulted in a significantly lower production of pro-angiogenic cytokines, VEGF and PDGF 27 . Meanwhile, the proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokine, IL-8, exhibits no change after administration of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 27 .…”

“…The study demonstrated that in both in vivo and in vitro studies, the increases seen in CDKN1B were the result of downregulated p21 activity, a potent CDK inhibitor 26 . Human SCC cell lines that positively express VDR showed a potent decrease in cellular proliferation when exposed to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and its analogues 27 . Vitamin D's ability to force cells into differentiation may be of critical importance, as such actions can aid in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation 28 .…”