Anti-ulcer activity of methanol extract of the leaves of Hannoa klaineana in rats

Abstract

Ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disease affecting 5% of the world’s population. Hannoa klaineana is used locally in the management of many gastrointestinal disorders and fevers. The study was conducted to evaluate toxicity profile and anti-ulcer effect of methanol extract of the leaves of Hannoa klaineana (Simaroubaceae). Acute toxicity test was conducted according to OECD guideline 423 using the limit test dose (5000 mg/kg) for 14 days. Sub-chronic toxicity study was carryout according to OECD guideline 407 by daily oral administration of the extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 28 days. Anti-ulcer effect of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt) was evaluated using ethanol and indomethacin induced gastric ulcer models. In acute toxicity test, 5000 mg/kg dose of the extract does not caused mortality nor any sign of toxicity observed in the rats, thus, the LD50 value of the extract was above 5000 mg/kg. While sub-chronic toxicity test, the extract demonstrated significant (p<0.01) increase in body weight and weight of the liver, spleen and kidneys of the rats. The result also showed significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent decrease in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, uric acid and creatinine. Ethanol-induced ulcer model, the extract demonstrated significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent decrease in mean ulcer index, with percentage inhibition (62.84%) of gastric damage at 400 mg/kg. While indomethacin model, the extract exhibited significant (p<0.001) dosedependent decrease in mean ulcer index with percentage gastroprotection (99.20%) at 400 mg/kg. This study suggested that methanol extract of the leaves of Hannoa klaineana is safe for oral administration and exhibited strong anti-ulcer effect, thus validating the traditional use of the plant leaves in ulcer treatment.

Phytochemicals Screening, Proximate composition and Antioxidants Analysis of Italian Citrus paradisi Fruits

“…Alkaloids in the grapefruits aqueous extract were identified using Wagner's test as described by Mosa et al [25], Abubakar et al [1,26] and Trease and Evans [27]. Three (3) ml of the extract was added to 3 ml of 1% HCl, heated for 20 min.…”

“…Sodium Hydroxide Test was used for the qualitative determination of flavonoids in the grapefruits aqueous extract as described by Mosa et al [25] and Abubakar et al [1,26]. The extract (3 ml) was treated with 1 ml of 10% NaOH solution.…”

“…The qualitative determination of glycosides in the grapefruits aqueous extract was done using Salkowski's test in accordance to the method of Abubakar et al [1,26] and Trease and Evans [27]. Twenty five miles of 1% sulphuric acid was added to 5 ml of the extract in a test tube and boiled for 15minutes.…”

“…The Froth test as described by Mosa et al [25], Abubakar et al [1,26] and Trease and Evans [27] was used for the qualitative determination of saponins in the grapefruits aqueous extract About 3 ml of the plant extract was added to 3 ml of distilled water in a test tube. The test tube was shaken vigorously for about 30 seconds and allowed to stand for 30 minutes.…”