Anti-Ulcer Study of Standardized Ethanol Root Extract of Aganosma Dichotoma and Isolated Ursolic Acid

Abstract

Objective: Aganosma dichotoma K. Schum (Apocynaceae) has been traditionally used as an Ayurvedic ulcer treatment and the study scientifically validates the antiulcer effect of A. dichotoma ethanol root extract (EAD). Methods:The studies included the isolation, quantification of ursolic acid through HPTLC. Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of EAD for 28 d and antiulcer effect of ursolic acid (50 mg/kg, p. o.), EAD (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p. o.) were also evaluated on both the physical (pyloric ligation, PL; cold restrain stress, CRS;) and chemical (absolute ethanol, aspirin, ASP;) induced ulcer in Charles Foster albino rats for 7 d. The various gastric-ulcer parameters, viz. gastric pH, volume, acid-pepsin output, DNA content, H + K + -ATPase activity, mucus content, microvascular permeability, antioxidant enzyme, and gastric histopathological study were performed. Results:The isolated ursolic acid was characterized by NMR and mass spectrometer and quantified through HPTLC in EAD (4.26% w/w). Acute oral toxicity study indicated that LD50 of extract was ≥ 5 g/kg. EAD at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p. o. reduced the ulcer score in both physical and chemical-induced ulcer models. In PL model EAD (400 mg/kg, p. o.) and ursolic acid (50 mg/kg, p. o.) showed antisecretory property by inhibiting aggressive factors [increase in gastric pH (35.02%, 26.73%), whereas decreased gastric volume (43.55%, 34.35%) and acid-pepsin output (75.23%, 68.81%), respectively]. EAD at 400 mg/kg p. o. showed significant effect on proton pump inhibition while ursolic acid didn't showed any effect. Conclusion:The effects of EAD were accredited mainly to the offensive mechanism and justify its traditional usage in the treatment of gastric ulcers.

Study of the Potential Antiulcerous Action of Hydroalcoholic Extracts From Prunella Vulgaris L. Of Romanian Origin

“…The model we chose (phenylbutazoneinduced ulcer) is similar in terms of mechanism to the indomethacin model, and our results are alike (reduction in erosion and inflammation, regeneration of the surface tissue layer). The ethanol-induced ulcer model (used by most authors to study the preventive effect of plant extracts, administered before the induction of the ulcer) [40,47] is mainly characterized by desquamation, severe and marked erosion of the epithelial surface, vacuolation and necrosis, a disorderly and loose arrangement of the epithelial cells, as well as infiltrates of neutrophils/eosinophils [21,29]. The same types of lesions are present in the case of ulcers induced by NSAIDs, but the phenomena are more discreet and regeneration is faster [27,45].…”

“…To quantify these effects on the decrease in gastric secretion and the increase in defence factors (endogenous prostaglandins), numerous studies have evaluated extracts standardized in phytocompounds [28]; thus, various methods of producing experimental ulcers have been developed -by ligation of the pylorus, by administration of reserpine, indomethacin or HCl/ethyl alcohol or by induction of stress ulcer; in all cases, the experimental animal used is preferably the rat. The present study aims to evaluate the antiulcerous potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of the spiciform inflorescence of the species Prunella vulgaris L. due to the high content of active ingredients [5,32,39,40,[45][46][47]52]. Prunella vulgaris L. is a perennial species widespread in the Romanian flora.…”

Untitled

“…[29] Thus, in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activity have been also studied in our previous study which further act as a supporting evidence that extract would also be producing protective effect on urolithiasis due to its antioxidant potential. [30,31] Various phytoconstituents such as lupeol, ursolic acid, quercetin, and beta-sitosterol have been identified in our highperformance thin layer chromatography study of extract and fraction in which quantity of lupeol was high in the ethanolic extract as compared to other bioactive fractions, but this study is under consideration in some other journal. According to Anand et al, lupeol was acting as antiurolithic agent and helps in the removal of lithogenic substances and prevent their deposition in the urinary bladder.…”

ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF ELECTROHOMEOPATHIC DRUG (SPAGYRIC ESSENCE) CANCEROUS 15 - 3rd DILUTION AGAINST INDOMETHACIN-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS

“…ESM was orally administered once daily and C15-3 rd dilution administered thrice daily using oral intubator. There was provision of food and water throughout the experimental period [3].…”