Antiadipogenic and antiobesogenic effects of pterostilbene in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte models

Abstract

Since obesity causes at least 2.8 million death each year and is a major risk factor for many diseases, it is critical to evaluate alternative treatment approaches. In this context, studies on the research of natural product-based therapeutics in the fight against obesity are increasing. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the antiadipogenic and antiobesogenic efficacy of pterostilbene a natural phenolic compound in 3T3-L1 cells. The mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to pterostilbene at different concentrations and half-maximum inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) were determined by MTT assay. Oil-Red-O staining was applied to determine lipid accumulation. Phase contrast microscopy, Giemsa, F-actin and DAPI staining were applied to examine the efficacy of pterostilbene on the morphology of 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Moreover, expressions of adinopectin and glucose transporter-4 (Glut-4) in relation to insulin resistance were evaluated using immunofluorescent staining and qRT-PCR. Pterostilbene caused no significant cytotoxicity towards preadipocytes at concentrations ≤7.5 −M and the percentage of viable cells remained above about 86% for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (p > 0.05). Therefore, pterostilbene treatment at 5 and 7.5 −M was used in the subsequent experiments as safe dosages. In addition, it was observed that pterostilbene treatment reduced lipid accumulation in adipocyte differentiation. Adipocytes treated with a dose of 7.5 −M for 14 days showed less intense lipid deposition and a more spindle-like morphology compared to the adipocytes treated with a dose of 5 −M. Especially on the 14th day, actin filaments were filamentous in adipocytes treated with pterostilbene 7.5 −M compared to the adipocytes treated with a dose of 5 −M; the filaments were similarly oriented as in preadipocytes, and chromatin condensation was observed to be quite high. Our data suggests that the pterostilbene supplementation may help weight control and the antiadipogenic and that antiobesogenic activity is mediated in part by reduction of lipid accumulation and induction of Glut-4 and Adiponectin levels.

<strong><em></em></strong><em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> Loaded Cryogels for Improved Wound Care: Characterizationand In Vitro Studies

“…Finally, the cryogels were visualized at 20X magnification under a fluorescence microscope (Dmil Led Fluo, Leica, Germany). Also, imageJ software was used to analyses fluorescein signals in Cx43 images [40].…”

“…Therefore, in our study, for the first time in the literature, cell viability, and proliferation were evaluated after different incubation times with MTT and trypan blue exclusion assay in cells cultured in PVA/Gel cryogels to which different concentrations of P. emblica were added. In addition, live/dead assay was applied to visualize live and dead cells in culture medium to understand the effect of scaffolds on cell behavior [40,63].…”

Nanophytomedicine: A promising practical approach in phytotherapy

“…LUT exhibits several clinical constraints. Initially, its deficient aqueous solubility and Anti-obesity, antiadipogenic and antiobesogenic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory Nrf2 (Gülnar et al, 2023;Liu et al, 2020;Nagarajan et al, 2022;Pan et al, 2009;Wawszczyk et al, 2022;Zheng, Liu, & Zhu, 2023;Zhong et al, 2023) diminished bioactivity gravely hinder its clinical implementation.…”

The Healing Potential of Phyllanthus emblica in Cryogel Wound Dressings

“…The effect of P. emblica amounts on swelling rate, polymerization yield and porosity of cryogels were assessed by swelling tests. The swelling process is defined as the penetration of liquid molecules into the polymer network [39]. The high and rapid swelling capabilities of cryogels allow them to maintain a moist environment at the wound surface, prevent leakage of body fluids and absorb wound fluids; therefore, they are preferable for wound dressings.…”