Antiadipogenic Effects of Different Molecular Forms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on 3T3-L1 Cells: Comparison between Free Fatty Acid and Phosphatidylcholine Forms

Fauziah, Riska Rian; Chin, Rie; Ogita, Shinjiro; Yoshino, Tomoyuki; Yamamoto, Yukihiro

doi:10.5650/jos.ess21180

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The intracellular CLA amount was greater in the nanocarrier-treated cells compared to those treated with free CLA. Previous study [ 10 ] has shown that CLA in the free fatty acid form exhibits limited uptake by 3T3-L1 cells. Our data demonstrated that tocol NLCs could bind to adipocytes, and were largely internalized into the cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile adipocyte uptake and liver/adipose tissue delivery of conjugated linoleic acid-loaded tocol nanocarriers for a synergistic anti-adipogenesis effect

Hsu,

Liao,

Lin

et al. 2024

J Nanobiotechnol

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Obesity is a major risk to human health. Adipogenesis is blocked by α-tocopherol and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). However, their effect at preventing obesity is uncertain. The effectiveness of the bioactive agents is associated with their delivery method. Herein, we designed CLA-loaded tocol nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for enhancing the anti-adipogenic activity of α-tocopherol and CLA. Adipogenesis inhibition by the nanocarriers was examined using an in vitro adipocyte model and an in vivo rat model fed a high fat diet (HFD). The targeting of the tocol NLCs into adipocytes and adipose tissues were also investigated. A synergistic anti-adipogenesis effect was observed for the combination of free α-tocopherol and CLA. Nanoparticles with different amounts of solid lipid were developed with an average size of 121‒151 nm. The NLCs with the smallest size (121 nm) showed greater adipocyte internalization and differentiation prevention than the larger size. The small-sized NLCs promoted CLA delivery into adipocytes by 5.5-fold as compared to free control. The nanocarriers reduced fat accumulation in adipocytes by counteracting the expression of the adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, and lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Localized administration of CLA-loaded tocol NLCs significantly reduced body weight, total cholesterol, and liver damage indicators in obese rats. The biodistribution study demonstrated that the nanoparticles mainly accumulated in liver and adipose tissues. The NLCs decreased adipocyte hypertrophy and cytokine overexpression in the groin and epididymis to a greater degree than the combination of free α-tocopherol and CLA. In conclusion, the lipid-based nanocarriers were verified to inhibit adipogenesis in an efficient and safe way.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CLA is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (LA) with conjugated double bonds. There are 28 isomers of CLA, mainly derived from meat and milk of ruminants [ 10 ]. The isomers cis -9, trans -11 ( c 9- t 11) and trans -10, cis -12 ( t 10- c 12) are the most abundant and have the greatest bioactivity [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile adipocyte uptake and liver/adipose tissue delivery of conjugated linoleic acid-loaded tocol nanocarriers for a synergistic anti-adipogenesis effect

Hsu,

Liao,

Lin

et al. 2024

J Nanobiotechnol

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show abstract

“…However, elevated levels of lipid and non-esterified fatty acids were also related to β-cell failure [ 41 ]. In our current study, ISCR was positively related to the intracellular 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine concentration, which may be due to the protective effects of phosphatidylcholine in lipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction [ 42 ]. Overall, our measurements and analyses provided an important clue for future research regarding effective therapeutic targets for diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Prolonged Basic Amino Acid Exposures on Mitochondrial Enzyme Gene Expressions, Metabolic Profiling and Insulin Secretions and Syntheses in Rat INS-1 β-Cells

Xu,

Cheng,

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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In order to investigate the chronic effects of basic amino acids (BAA) on β-cell metabolism and insulin secretion, INS-1 β-cells were randomly assigned to cultures in standard medium (Con), standard medium plus 10 mM L-Arginine (Arg), standard medium plus 10 mM L-Histidine (His) or standard medium plus 10 mM L-Lysine (Lys) for 24 h. Results showed that insulin secretion was decreased by the Arg treatment but was increased by the His treatment relative to the Con group (p < 0.05). Higher BAA concentrations reduced the high glucose-stimulated insulin secretions (p < 0.001), but only Lys treatment increased the intracellular insulin content than that in the Con group (p < 0.05). Compared with Arg and Lys, the His treatment increased the mitochondrial key enzyme gene expressions including Cs, mt-Atp6, mt-Nd4l and Ogdh, and caused a greater change in the metabolites profiling (p < 0.05). The most significant pathways affected by Arg, His and Lys were arginine and proline metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and pyrimidine metabolism, respectively. Regression analysis screened 7 genes and 9 metabolites associated with insulin releases during BAA stimulations (p < 0.05). Together, different BAAs exerted dissimilar effects on β-cell metabolism and insulin outputs.

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“…Martins et al (2020) found eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibited adipogenesis via regulating PPARγ and CIDEC transcription, and induced apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Fauziah et al (2021) showed that conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) also inhibited the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the unsaturated fatty acids in chlorella may play an important role in the antiobesity effects of chlorella in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fauziah et al. (2021) showed that conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) also inhibited the adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. Therefore, the unsaturated fatty acids in chlorella may play an important role in the antiobesity effects of chlorella in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorella unsaturated fatty acids suppress high‐fat diet‐induced obesity in C57/BL6J mice

Yang

Chen

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Science

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Chlorella has been identified as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids. Since the antiobesity effects of unsaturated fatty acids have been well documented; therefore, we explored the antiobesity actions of chlorella unsaturated fatty acids (C.UFAs) in the current study. The obtained results demonstrated C.UFAs, which contain abundant linoleic acid, could retard body weight gain (reducing body weigh by 13.93% after 16 weeks of treatment), improve blood glucose (19.29% lower) and lipid profile (23.45% lower in TG, 8.76% lower in TC) compared to high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. The possible underlying mechanisms might involve reducing hepatic lipid accumulation via down-regulation of lipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, LPL, aP2, FAS, and SREBP-1c) and upregulation of lipolytic gene (adiponectin). We also demonstrate C.UFAs could reduce HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy via activation of AMPK signaling pathway in adipose tissue and liver. In summary, our study highlights the potential of C.UFAs as a functional food for obesity management. K E Y W O R D Santiobesity, bioactive compound, chlorella, polyunsaturated fatty acid Practical Application: Chlorella has already been commercialized as a functional food antiobesity function. In the current study, the unsaturated fatty acids isolated from chlorella were found to exert beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and adipocyte hypertrophy in high-fat diet-fed mice. This may provide theoretical foundation for developing novel chlorella-based functional foods.

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Antiadipogenic Effects of Different Molecular Forms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on 3T3-L1 Cells: Comparison between Free Fatty Acid and Phosphatidylcholine Forms

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Facile adipocyte uptake and liver/adipose tissue delivery of conjugated linoleic acid-loaded tocol nanocarriers for a synergistic anti-adipogenesis effect

Facile adipocyte uptake and liver/adipose tissue delivery of conjugated linoleic acid-loaded tocol nanocarriers for a synergistic anti-adipogenesis effect

The Effects of Prolonged Basic Amino Acid Exposures on Mitochondrial Enzyme Gene Expressions, Metabolic Profiling and Insulin Secretions and Syntheses in Rat INS-1 β-Cells

Chlorella unsaturated fatty acids suppress high‐fat diet‐induced obesity in C57/BL6J mice

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