Antiaging and smoothness‐improving properties of farnesol‐based facial masks on rat skin exposed to ultraviolet B

Abstract

Background: Farnesol is an acyclic sesquiterpene presents in various natural sources including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. In this study, we successfully prepared a farnesol-containing gel with ultraviolet B-screening and skin-repairing capabilities.Furthermore, the advantageous potential of farnesol-containing facial masks for UVB-caused sunburnt skin was evaluated.Aims: Thus, the objectives of this study are to design and prepare optimal facial masks possessing collagen production and smoothness-enhancing capabilities for the skin.Methods: A series of formulations consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hyaluronan, and farnesol were used to prepare the facial masks. The effects of the facial masks on collagen production by skin fibroblasts in vitro were examined. The effects of the prepared masks on collagen synthesis, smoothness, and inflammation of the skin were further evaluated in vivo using two modes (mask administration interspersed with UVB exposure and mask administration after UVB exposure) of a rat model.Results: Facial masks containing both 0.3 and 0.8 mM farnesol improved skin smoothness and enhanced collagen content and arrangement in the skin of rats with mask administration interspersed with and after UVB exposure. The masks containing 0.8 mM farnesol exerted the greatest effects on collagen production/arrangement and smoothness improvement in vivo model. Histopathologically observed inflammation was alleviated, and interleukin (IL)-6 was decreased in the 0.8 mM farnesolcontaining facial mask-covered skin compared with that without facial masks. Conclusions:The farnesol-containing facial masks prepared in this study may have collagen production-increasing, smoothness-improving, and anti-inflammatory properties for UVB-caused sunburn; thus, farnesol is potentially a beneficial component in facial masks.

Farnesol-Loaded Liposomes Protect the Epidermis and Dermis from PM2.5-Induced Cutaneous Injury

“…Compared with the untreated groups and the group treated with 4 mM Lipo-Farn, the group treated with pure Farn and Lipo-Farn had a moderate IL-6 level ( Figure 5 and Figure 6 ); this finding is consistent with the histopathological analysis findings and wound-healing scores obtained in the current study. Moreover, these results are in accordance with those of our previous studies indicating that Farn regulates the IL-6 level in third-degree burns and UVB-caused sunburn in murine skin [ 14 , 21 ].…”

“…The cell viability-inhibitory data of pure Farn in the current study is similar to that of our previous findings [ 21 ]. Furthermore, the cell morphology results revealed that treatment with 0.4 mM pure Farn led to loss of the normal spindle-like shape in approximately 50% of skin fibroblasts in vitro ( Figure 3 B); this finding is in line with that of our previous study [ 21 ]. These results indicated that pure Farn at a concentration of >0.4 mM exerted adverse effects on skin fibroblasts.…”

“…In addition to directly regulating inflammatory cytokine production, TNF-α may further regulate the skin’s wound-healing process [ 25 ]. Thus, these findings suggested that 4 mM Lipo-Farn not only strongly suppressed proinflammatory responses mediated by TNF-α but also directly promoted epidermal and dermal repair, which was shown in our previous studies [ 14 , 20 , 21 ]. Because the groups treated with 2 mM pure Farn and Lipo-Farn and 4 mM pure Farn exhibited steady upregulation of TNF-α ( Figure 5 and Figure 6 ), TNF-α could partially exert beneficial effects on wound healing in PM 2.5 -induced skin injury.…”

“…Liposomal or pure Farn protected against ultraviolet B (UVB), increased collagen production, and improved skin smoothness while exerting anti-inflammatory and tissue-reparative effects on UVB-caused sunburn and third-degree burns in the epidermis in vitro and in the dermis in vivo. Farnesol has been found to promote wound healing by suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha [ 14 , 20 , 21 ]. The present study investigated the deleterious effects of PM 2.5 on the epidermis and dermis and examined the anti-inflammatory and restoration-promoting effects of pure and liposomal Farn on various skin injuries caused by PM 2.5 .…”

Therapeutic Efficacy of Sesquiterpene Farnesol in Treatment of Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Dermal Disorders

“…Our previous studies have indicated the novel therapeutic effects of different farnesol dosages on the skin. Liposomal or pure farnesol protected against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, increased collagen production, and improved skin smoothness as well as exerted anti-inflammatory and tissue-repairing effects on UVB-induced sunburn and third-degree burns in both the epidermis (in vitro) and dermis (in vivo) [ 9 , 10 ]. The C. acnes -induced inflammatory response is involved in the development of acne vulgaris; this spurred our interest in examining the potential anti-inflammatory effects of farnesol on C. acnes -induced inflammatory reactions and the subsequent antiacne effects on acne vulgaris.…”