Antiaging effects of dietary supplements and natural products

Abstract

Aging is an inevitable process influenced by genetics, lifestyles, and environments. With the rapid social and economic development in recent decades, the proportion of the elderly has increased rapidly worldwide, and many aging-related diseases have shown an upward trend, including nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. The rising burden of aging-related diseases has become an urgent global health challenge and requires immediate attention and solutions. Natural products have been used for a long time to treat various human diseases. The primary cellular pathways that mediate the longevity-extending effects of natural products involve nutrient-sensing pathways. Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways are most widely studied. Several studies have reviewed the effects of individual natural compounds on aging and aging-related diseases along with the underlying mechanisms. Natural products from food sources, such as polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, are classified as antiaging compounds that promote health and prolong life via various mechanisms. In this article, we have reviewed several recently identified natural products with potential antiaging properties and have highlighted their cellular and molecular mechanisms. The discovery and use of dietary supplements and natural products that can prevent and treat multiple aging-related diseases in humans will be beneficial. Thus, this review provides theoretical background for existing dietary supplements and natural products as potential antiaging agents.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Its Impact on Adipogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms Implicated

“…Insufficient specific autophagy-related genes compromise cellular maintenance, notably impacting the lifespan of model organisms such as C. elegans and Drosophila, particularly under nutritional and oxidative stress [302]. Key lifespanregulating pathways (Foxo3, SIRT1, mTOR, NF-κB, P53) modulate autophagy [303,304]. Activating autophagy through rapamycin highlights its potential in extending lifespan, emphasizing insights into aging mechanisms [305].…”

β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation prolongs the lifespan of prematurely aged mice and protects colon function in ageing mice

“…Sirtuins (SIRTs), the mammalian target of rapamycin, p53 and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling pathways have been extensively researched. 7 As age increases, the levels of SIRT in the body will gradually decrease. 8 Knockout experiments on the p53 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans extended the lifespan.…”

Plant Monoterpenes and Essential Oils as Potential Anti-Ageing Agents: Insights from Preclinical Data

“…These hallmarks have proven to be very useful in the identification of intervention targets, primarily in age-related diseases with promising results in preclinical models [9,10] and validations in clinical trials [11]. Among the tested compounds, natural compounds have attracted researchers' interest, with recent studies pointing out their effect on critical ageing pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and tumor protein p53, as reviewed elsewhere [12]. Nevertheless, the majority of the studies resort to in vitro approaches, lacking in-depth analysis of individual compounds and specific effects on these pathways [12].…”

“…Among the tested compounds, natural compounds have attracted researchers' interest, with recent studies pointing out their effect on critical ageing pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and tumor protein p53, as reviewed elsewhere [12]. Nevertheless, the majority of the studies resort to in vitro approaches, lacking in-depth analysis of individual compounds and specific effects on these pathways [12]. Bearing this in mind, we sought to review the potential of volatile monoterpenes, a group of compounds highly prevalent in aromatic plants.…”