Antialgal activity of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes against the marine alga Ulva

Abstract

Marine biofouling has detrimental effects on the environment and economy, and current antifouling coatings research is aimed at environmentally benign, non-toxic materials. The possibility of using contact-active coatings is explored, by considering the antialgal activity of cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes. The antialgal activity was investigated via zoospore settlement and sporeling growth assays of the marine algae Ulva linza and U. lactuca. The assay results for PDMAEMA brushes were compared to those for anionic and neutral surfaces. It was found that only PDMAEMA could disrupt zoospores that come into contact with it, and that it also inhibits the subsequent growth of normally settled spores. Based on the spore membrane properties, and characterization of the PDMAEMA brushes over a wide pH range, it is hypothesized that the algicidal mechanisms are similar to the bactericidal mechanisms of cationic polymers, and that further development could lead to successful contact-active antialgal coatings.

Amphiphilic copolymers of dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate with controlled hydrophilicity for antialgal activity

“…Yandi et al demonstrated antialgal behavior of settlement of zoospore and growth of sporal assays of marine algae Ulva lactuca and Ulva linza by the positively charged poly(2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylates) (PDMAEMA) brushes. Only PDMAEMA was found to interrupt interactive zoospores and to prevent subsequent growth of spores normally settled 9 . Guo et al synthesized coating of amphiphilic block copolymer of hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly(1‐(1 H ,1 H ,2 H ,2 H ‐perfluorodecyloxy)‐3‐(3,6,9‐trioxadecyloxy)‐propan‐2‐yl acrylate) (PFA) with hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) that showed significant antifouling activity against Navicula parva diatoms, bacteria, and pseudobarnacle biofilm 10 .…”

“…Only PDMAEMA was found to interrupt interactive zoospores and to prevent subsequent growth of spores normally settled. 9 Guo et al synthesized coating of amphiphilic block copolymer of hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly(1-(1H,1H,2H,2Hperfluorodecyloxy)-3-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)-propan-2-yl acrylate) (PFA) with hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) that showed significant antifouling activity against Navicula parva diatoms, bacteria, and pseudobarnacle biofilm. 10 In a recent study, two water-soluble random copolymers, poly(4-vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid) P(VBCTMAM-co-AAx) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate) P(DMAm-co-GMAx), were synthesized via freeradical polymerization.…”

Antialgal Synergistic Polystyrene Blended with Polyethylene Glycol and Silver Sulfadiazine for Healthcare Applications

“…The results have shown that TT with an optimal loading of 750 ppm could be used to effectively inhibit the growth of C. vulgaris, but to get satisfactory inhabitation iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) could be used as antialgal promoters in the LLDPE specimens [11]. In another study, Yandi and coworkers have investigated the antialgal activity of cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes against marine algae Ulva linza and U. lactuca [12]. PDMAEMA has been found to destroy zoospores in contact with it and also avoid the subsequent development of normally settled spores [12].…”

“…In another study, Yandi and coworkers have investigated the antialgal activity of cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes against marine algae Ulva linza and U. lactuca [12]. PDMAEMA has been found to destroy zoospores in contact with it and also avoid the subsequent development of normally settled spores [12]. Bodkhe et al have used PSBMA as part of a block copolymer with PDMS that was incorporated into the polyurethane network.…”

Polymeric Coatings Based on Water-Soluble Trimethylammonium Copolymers for Antifouling Applications

“…Due to their poor stability though, recent research is focused on charged networks, which offer a promising alternative for AF coatings. Among potential candidates, zwitterionic systems appear to be highly effective against marine fouling organisms [15][16][17], as well as anionic units [18,19] and cationic units based on quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) with short alkyl chains [20][21][22][23][24] which are charged compounds that although less explored in the AF field showed encouraging results.…”